John Dewey s The Declaration Of Education - 919 Words

John Dewey’s famous declaration of education, My Pedagogic Creed, contains five articles that list Dewey’s own personal beliefs regarding education, schools, subject matter, and nature of method. Dewey’s last article records his concern for school and social progress. Dewey begins with the assertion that â€Å"education is the fundamental method of social progress and reform† (Dewey 8). Dewey believes that society has the obligation to reform education, and as a society, each person is responsible for the next. Dewey states that through education society can formulate its own purposes, can organize its own means and resources, and thus shape itself with definiteness and economy in the direction in which it wishes to move (Dewey 8). Dewey later concludes the fifth article with the stance that â€Å"every teacher should realize the dignity of his calling† and be proud of his profession for he â€Å"is the prophet of the true God† (Dewey 9). Som e of the most significant statements in the article are seen between the middle and end of the passage. Dewey believes that art and science are considered two of the most important subjects, but when the two come together as one, they become even more significant to the learner. Dewey first states that â€Å"the art of thus giving shape to human powers and adapting them to social service, is the supreme art; one calling into its service the best of artists; that no insight, sympathy, tact, executive power is too great for such service† (Dewey 9).Show MoreRelatedQuality Infrastructure Facilities And Its Impact On Co Scholastic Achievement Essay1489 Words   |  6 PagesA study of quality infrastructure facilities and its impact on co-scholastic achievement of elementary school student CHAPTER 1 1.1. INTODUCTION â€Å"Education is the Most Powerful Weapon Which You Can Use to Change the World.† – Nelson Mandela. We are living in a society influence by change. People’s way of living and thinking is shaped by technical, economical and social evolution. The globalized markets, the technical and technological revolutions are transforming the modern economy into a â€Å"knowledgeRead MoreThe Success Of Team Sports Essay1661 Words   |  7 Pagesthis phenomena, Alabama football coach Nick Saban explained it best when he said that â€Å"[while] there s no I in team†¦there is an I in win, because the individuals make the team what it is, and how they think and what they do is important to the team† (n. d.). The problem for which resolution was sought was the fact that there is an ongoing philosophical debate as to the purpose of education in a democratic society: is it the teaching of citizenship or the teaching of autonomy? In order toRead MoreThe Democracy in United States Elections1908 Words   |  8 PagesAbraham Lincoln (Gettysburg Address, 1863) said about democracy ...is a government of the people, by the people, and for the people, shall not vanish from this earth ‘ (Fox 2008). The foundations of democracy in America are found within, â€Å"The Declaration of Independence of 1776† and â€Å"The Constitution of 1789†, both products of the American Revolution where equality and the rights of man were the focus of their creation (Rodgers 2001). The first half of this paper discusses the notion that despiteRead MoreHome School Legal Defense Association 3116 Words   |  13 Pagesthan public school students, a result of habitual exposure and personal interactio n in civil activities. Definitions: Home School Legal Defense Association (HSLDA) Homeschool Student (HS) National Center for Education Statistics (NCES) Public School Student (PSS) U.S. Board of Education (USBE) Homeschooling According to Kleinman (2008), the California judicial system held that Parents do not have a constitutional right to homeschool their children (para 1). Consequently, parents appearRead MoreAll About Peace Education13195 Words   |  53 PagesALL ABOUT PEACE EDUCATION *Dr. Ajay Kumar Attri, Lecturer; Department of Education, MLSM College ; Sundernagar; Mandi (H.P) âž ¢ INTRODUCTION: Education shall be directed toward the full development of the human personality and to the strengthening of respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms. It shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups and shall further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace.Read MorePatchwork Essay on leading and management in nursing5444 Words   |  22 Pagesyou submit your work electronically you will receive email confirmation of submission Coursework Declaration Sheet This declaration sheet will be retained in the office in case of queries. It confirms that you have read and complied with the guidelines on plagiarism. For hard copy, attach this declaration sheet with your name on it, to your coursework. (Administration staff will remove the declaration sheet before passing coursework to the marker concerned AND after marking and moderation it willRead MoreImperialism And War : American Foreign Affairs7199 Words   |  29 Pagesage of iron and steam. Mahan did not confine his thoughts strictly to naval matters, but also brought in ideas relating to the expansion of commercial interests and overseas markets for American goods, developed under the aegis of naval might. Mahan s ideas were popular not only in America, but also in Great Britain, Germany and Japan, and surely contributed to the international naval armaments race. Mahan’s ideas, which were compatible with the popularized notions of social Darwinism (maritime nationsRead MoreGlobalization and Its Impact on Malaysia13672 Words   |  55 Pagespoor take advantage of it to improve their well-being? Globalization  is a difficult term to define because it has come to mean so many things. In general,  globalization  refers to the trend toward countries joining together economically, through  education, society and politics, and viewing themselves not only through their national identity but also as part of the world as a whole.  Globalization  is said to bring people of all nations closer together, especially through a common medium like the economyRead MoreScience and Technology13908 Words   |  56 PagesInternational Essay Contest for Young People is one of the peace education programs organized by the Goi Peace Foundation. The annual contest, which started in the year 2000, is a UNESCO/Goi Peace Foundation joint program since 2007. The United Nations has designated 2001-2010 as the International Decade for a Culture of Peace and Non-Violence for the Children of the World and 2005-2014 as the United Nations Decade of Education for Sustainable Development. Not only should young people benefitRead MoreHistory of Social Work18530 Words   |  75 Pages...............................................................28 Mary Richmond.......................................................................................................................................................29 George Orwell, John Howard Griffin, Pat Moore, Tolly Toynbee, Gà ¼nther Wallraff, Barbara Ehrenreich ............30 Sir William Beveridge ...................................................................................................................................

The economic and performance benefits of disk Free Essays

Disk Aggregation is a process to combine more than one physical disk or logical disk drive and duly change into comparatively more larger disk drive. The purpose of such combination is mainly to create one single physical disk which has more capacity than any other physical disk, which is currently available. Thus it provides an easy to use way in such a way that the performance increases considerably. We will write a custom essay sample on The economic and performance benefits of disk or any similar topic only for you Order Now Virtualization of storage helps in achieving the location independence simply by abstracting the physical location of any data. It helps in providing a logical space to the user for storage of data. Further, it also provides for the process of mapping the data to the actual physical location available to the user. Thus the virtualization software or device always uses meta-data i. e. mapping information that enables to re=direct the VO request (Toigo, 2004). The main function of this device is first to receive an incoming VO request which contains several information regarding location of the data in reference to the logical disk. Thereafter it translates such disk into a new VO request to the physical disk location. All this system is so smooth as well as fault-less that without any special effort the whole sets of performances work wonderfully to the entire satisfaction of the user. Thus the virtualization device receive a read request for logical disk such as LUN ID =1 LBA=32. It can also perform a meta-data look up for above logical disk and transcend it into physical disk LUN D-7, LBAD. Again virtualization device can also receive the data back to the originating place as if it had received from virtual disk LUN ID=1. LBA 32. The main performance benefits are that for implementation of this device no additional hardware is required. Similarly, no other drastic change in infrastructure is needed for such virtualization. Since we are using logical volume manager,{LUM or LINUX } as Windows, which is called logical disk manager or CDM which are effective in performing the virtualization task, it is very simple to design and also easy to code. Its implementation also helps in supporting any storage type. Its usefulness more felt by the user such performance benefits. Thus user can install virtualization and its economic benefits are the avoidance of multiple virtual servers as a single server is enough for the best performance. It helps in cost reduction in following ways: 1. Software license fee avoidance. 2. Lesser space for date centre. 3. Less power for unnecessary controllers. 4. Reductions in overtime and better utilization of resources, 5.  Reduction in overall cost as it helps in overall curtailment in 20-60% of many common management tasks. The advantages which are derived by the users are so many and the advantage of faultless working of such virtualization is so alluring that it is becoming very popular and user-friendly. The usages e enormous and as explained earlier the performance as well as economic benefits are making this device indispensible in present days. With growing demand of virtualization the system is so designed that the user always find its implementation an asset to his growing need. Reference: Toigo Jon William, The holy grail of network storage management, illustrated, 2004, Prentice Hall PTR, ISBN: 0130284165, 9780130284167 How to cite The economic and performance benefits of disk, Essays

Socioeconomic Status - Parenting - and Child Development

Question: Discuss about the Socioeconomic Status, Parenting, and Child Development? Answer: Effect of parental SES on child health From the research, it is found that Parental SES (Socioeconomic Status) can have an impact on both their health as well as their health of their children. Schooling attainment of parents is correlated with their health consciousness. Parent with more schooling showed less smoking and alcohol consumption and work less in occupations, which are dangerous for health. This tendency may be because people, who have a plan for better future, pursue more schooling and try to follow healthy behaviors (Bornstein Bradley, 2014). According to Grossman's health model, there are many insights of parental SES can affect childrens health. First budget constraints prevent poor families from buying medicines or health materials. Second, parents with less education fail to meet with the health requirements for their child. The health beliefs of the parents with low education background deviate from parents with higher education. However, it is not necessary that the children belonging to the SES famil ies should have worse genetic endowment but may stalk from different environmental triggers that can activate several genes. Evidence According to the collected data from California and Britain, it is found that SES children are mostly showed low birth weight than the children who belong to the high SES. The difference between high and low SES children persists through their childhood (Sarsour et al., 2011). However, health gaps are lesser in Canada and Britain than in the United States. On the other hand, from researches, it is found that poor children in the U.S., Canada and Britain receive more health insults, and they experience chronic conditions than the children with higher SES. References Bornstein, M. H., Bradley, R. H. (Eds.). (2014).Socioeconomic Status, Parenting, And Child Development. Routledge. Sarsour, K., Sheridan, M., Jutte, D., Nuru-Jeter, A., Hinshaw, S., Boyce, W. T. (2011). Family socioeconomic status and child executive functions: the roles of language, home environment, and single parenthood.Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society,17(01), 120-132.

The Sodor Terminal Project Construction Essay Example For Students

The Sodor Terminal Project Construction Essay The initial stage of the Sodor undertaking involved the formation of the undertaking squad and the nomination of the undertaking director. Group 12 is made up of 4 Nigerians and 1 Vietnamese which reflects a multicultural squad with each nationality possessing curious personality traits. The aim of the first meeting was to put up a Undertaking Manager and to specify and hold on land regulations for undertaking squad meetings. To guarantee equal engagement of all squad members, it was agreed that the rotational undertaking director system will be adopted whereby each person in the group would function as the undertaking director for 1 hebdomad each throughout the 5 hebdomad continuance of the Sodor undertaking. It was agreed that meetings will be scheduled 3 times a hebdomad by the undertaking director enduring no more than 2 hours each. At each meeting, specific undertakings is assigned to each squad member to be submitted at the following meeting twenty-four hours. We will write a custom essay on The Sodor Terminal Project Construction specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now CONTRACTOR SELECTION CRITERIA The contractor choice standards adopted by the squad is the Trade-off technique. This technique uses a marking system to quantify specific properties of the assorted contractors and provides a numerical end product, the highest of which represents the best contractor pick. The usage of this technique provided the best possible contractors to pull off the assorted phases of this undertaking. Outline1 Construction AND CLOSE OUT2 Introduction3 Definition4 Factors THAT AFFECTED TEAM EFFECTIVENESS OF SODOR OIL TERMINAL PROJECT5 Planning AND Design6 Construction AND CLOSEOUT7 Decision Construction AND CLOSE OUT The stopping point out procedure involved a reappraisal of the concluding Sodor terminus undertaking program to corroborate range, cost and agenda deadlines have been met. The lesson learned papers was so prepared which showed the assorted struggles that occurred throughout the undertaking and how they where managed by the squad in order to supply lessons for the hereafter. The concluding undertaking program was so presented to the undertaking patron and the Group 12 squad was deformed by the undertaking director. We were able to get at a concluding undertaking cost of A ; lb ; 7,356,123 and at a clip of completion of 90.93 hebdomads. This can be chiefly attributed to the fact that we used the TRADE OFF technique for contractor choice. The trade off technique provided an nonsubjective manner of choosing contractors utilizing a set of rank tonss. Projected Cost Actual Cost Projected Time of completion ( PTC ) Actual clip of completion ( ATC ) Net income ( 3 % of Actual cost ) Bonus 16000* ( PTC-ATC ) Entire Net income ( Profit +Bonus ) 7,361,000 7,356,123 98 hebdomads 90.93 hebdomads 220,684 113,120 333,804 Introduction Teamwork has been found to be an indispensable ingredient responsible for the success or failure of undertakings. The effectual usage and direction of squads for undertakings has been noted to be a cardinal determiner for how successful a undertaking will be ; nevertheless, the effectivity of a squad depends on the ability of the squad members to interact suitably with one another to bring forth a common end product. Definition Hoegl ( 2004 ) defined squads as a societal interaction between two or more people within an organisation who portion a common undertaking. Teams have besides been described as a group of people who hold themselves reciprocally accountable to each other and who work together to accomplish a common intent ( Scholtes et al,2003 ) . The above definitions take into history the fact that for a squad to be, certain basic ingredients need to be in topographic point which include ; common answerability, stability of intent, and a shared duty for success or failure. The benefits of teamwork in undertaking direction can non be overemphasized. Teams aid in the mobilisation of diverse resources to a undertaking as compared to that achieved by a individual person. Church ( 1998 ) besides noted that squads provide the flexibleness to utilize the mobilized resources therefore assisting to go on with the undertaking in the event of a peculiar person being indisposed. Possibly the greatest value of s quads in pull offing undertakings rests with the ability of squads to supply a synergism of the attempts of the single squad members whereby the consequences achieved is greater than the arithmetic amount of the parts of the single members to the squad. Factors THAT AFFECTED TEAM EFFECTIVENESS OF SODOR OIL TERMINAL PROJECT Planning AND Design The demand to hold a program for the direction of the Sodor oil terminus can non be overemphasized. Grachev et Al ( 2006 ) utilizing 3M corporation as a instance survey proposed that a cardinal benefit of be aftering upfront for a undertaking is the creative activity of good defined undertaking ends. The ends help to give way to a squad undertaking. Other benefits of be aftering include ; it helps the squad members in the coordination of single undertakings by supplying clearly stated assignments. Furthermore, the undertaking program besides enables the squad to hold an overview of the undertaking agenda, costs and restraints which the squad can so utilize as a baseline to mensurate existent undertaking advancement. .u2bfe52cb6f47667e325058c188111659 , .u2bfe52cb6f47667e325058c188111659 .postImageUrl , .u2bfe52cb6f47667e325058c188111659 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2bfe52cb6f47667e325058c188111659 , .u2bfe52cb6f47667e325058c188111659:hover , .u2bfe52cb6f47667e325058c188111659:visited , .u2bfe52cb6f47667e325058c188111659:active { border:0!important; } .u2bfe52cb6f47667e325058c188111659 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2bfe52cb6f47667e325058c188111659 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2bfe52cb6f47667e325058c188111659:active , .u2bfe52cb6f47667e325058c188111659:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2bfe52cb6f47667e325058c188111659 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2bfe52cb6f47667e325058c188111659 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2bfe52cb6f47667e325058c188111659 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2bfe52cb6f47667e325058c188111659 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2bfe52cb6f47667e325058c188111659:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2bfe52cb6f47667e325058c188111659 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2bfe52cb6f47667e325058c188111659 .u2bfe52cb6f47667e325058c188111659-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2bfe52cb6f47667e325058c188111659:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Are Art Woks Forgeable EssayThe planning and design of the Sodor oil terminus started with the designation of the Cost, Schedule and Scope ends from the informations derived from the Undertaking Sponsor. These ends where so integrated into a consecutive construction by the usage of the MS Project ® to bring forth the Sodor oil terminus preliminary Gantt chart. The concluding Sodor oil terminus program is a comprehensive papers demoing the existent budget, clip of completion, range of the undertaking, and the sanctioned contractors selected for the undertaking. Christina ( 2009 ) proposed that cardinal factors that affect squad success at the planning and design stage inc lude ; A. Chiseled Goals: The definition of clear undertaking deliverables has been shown to better the success rate of undertaking squads. Pinto and Slevin ( 1988 ) proposed that clearly defined and structured ends is a important factor that determines the effectivity of squads and hence the success rate of undertakings. Zander ( 1980 ) postulated that squads with clear and mensurable ends perform better than squads with fuzzed ends. This is as a consequence of the usage of clear ends by squads as a baseline through which squad consequences can be measured. Furthermore, the usage of clear and concise ends besides helps the squad in be aftering for what they can accomplish within a peculiar timeframe. The ends of the Group 12 squad where clearly stated and good defined at the oncoming of the undertaking which was to present a undertaking program within 98 hebdomads at no more than the declared undertaking budget provided by the undertaking patron. B. Management Support: Pinto and Slevin ( 1988 ) suggested that the support upper direction gives a squad helps in easing squad success. This occurs by easing the release of resources to the undertaking squad therefore guaranting their efficiency and assisting to take administrative bottle cervixs. Group 12 received the support of the undertaking patron in the designing of the sodor program particularly with regard to weekly reappraisal meetings to measure the current position of the undertaking program and proffer ways to convey the program back on path. C. Cross-cultural squads: The importance of holding multiple persons from different civilizations in a squad has been proposed to impact positively on squad consequences ( Earley and Mosakowski,2000 ) . Ochieng and Price ( 2009 ) besides suggested that the effectual usage of proper communicating techniques to manage cultural differences in a squad helps in advancing undertaking success. Multiple civilizations in a squad brings together people with different accomplishments, competences, and personal properties dedicated to a common intent. The multicultural environment of Group 12 provided a pool of diverse thoughts derived via brainstorming from which the best possible solution was agreed on and translated into the Sodor undertaking program. D. Team experience and continuity: Pinto and Slevin ( 1988 ) suggested that the inclusion of persons with specific undertaking experience into a squad helps in advancing its success. This is because this persons already have a cognition of the critical factors needed to guarantee the success of the peculiar undertaking from the lessons learned from past undertakings managed by them. Scott-Young ( 2009 ) suggested that the stableness of a squad throughout the undertaking lifecycle helps in guaranting squad success. Stable squads have been shown to keep the consistence of thoughts coevals and are non susceptible to the distraction that tends to happen from a squad member connection or go forthing the squad ( Akgun and Lynn,2000 ) . The usage of squad members with a broad scope of experience pull offing undertakings like health care, instruction, and technology played a cardinal function in the consequences of Group 12. This is due to the diverse nature of the cognition pool available f or be aftering the undertaking. The stableness of the Group 12 squad throughout the undertaking lifecycle besides played a cardinal function in the design of the sodor undertaking program. .u7325c49065283c1f92357769f41d11bf , .u7325c49065283c1f92357769f41d11bf .postImageUrl , .u7325c49065283c1f92357769f41d11bf .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u7325c49065283c1f92357769f41d11bf , .u7325c49065283c1f92357769f41d11bf:hover , .u7325c49065283c1f92357769f41d11bf:visited , .u7325c49065283c1f92357769f41d11bf:active { border:0!important; } .u7325c49065283c1f92357769f41d11bf .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u7325c49065283c1f92357769f41d11bf { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u7325c49065283c1f92357769f41d11bf:active , .u7325c49065283c1f92357769f41d11bf:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u7325c49065283c1f92357769f41d11bf .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u7325c49065283c1f92357769f41d11bf .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u7325c49065283c1f92357769f41d11bf .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u7325c49065283c1f92357769f41d11bf .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u7325c49065283c1f92357769f41d11bf:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u7325c49065283c1f92357769f41d11bf .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u7325c49065283c1f92357769f41d11bf .u7325c49065283c1f92357769f41d11bf-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u7325c49065283c1f92357769f41d11bf:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: College Essay ThesisE. Clear determination doing procedures: The procedure of doing determinations and the ability to do the best determination is cardinal to the success or failure of a undertaking squad. The presence of uncertainness in undertakings and the effects of doing the incorrect determinations are cardinal incentives for following a determination devising procedure at the planning phase of the undertaking. In line with the techniques proposed by Brahm and kleiner ( 1996 ) , two schemes where adopted and utilized by Group 12. The schemes include the Brainstorming technique and the Brainwriting technique. The procedure involved the wild coevals of thoughts and the authorship of those thoughts on a piece of paper from which the group so agrees on the best thought possible. This technique was applied in the procedure of taking the undertaking director and besides in the contractor choice procedure ; It contributed to the overall success of the planning phase of this undertaking. Construction AND CLOSEOUT A. Managing Conflicts: The absence of struggles in a squad has been proposed to be a arrow to the failure of the squad ( Saj-Nicole and Damon,2009 ) . The presence of struggles and how the struggles are managed indicates how successful the undertaking squad will be. Several struggles arose during the direction of Group 12 ; an illustration will be the, Who to take as the undertaking director? The manner it was managed was to hold a face to confront meeting with the undertaking squad, everybody puting their single thoughts on the tabular array, so geting at a determination reciprocally good to everyone which is to hold a rotational undertaking director system with each member of the undertaking squad having a gustatory sensation of the pie of being the undertaking director for 1 hebdomad each. This solution helped during the building stage of the program because all the squad members felt a sense of belonging and doing a positive part to the squad. B. Leadership Continuity: The proposal by Akgun and Lynn ( 2000 ) on the positive benefits of leading continuity to the undertaking squad success is mostly non applicable to the Group 12 undertaking squad. This is because the usage of a individual leader throughout the undertaking lifecycle will hold led to the presence of tyrannizing inclinations being shown by the person chosen which may impact certain determinations made during the preparation of the building program. It may besides hold led to project squad members being made to experience they are non a portion of the squad. Hence in a command to avoid this scenario, the rotational undertaking director system was proposed and adopted. C. Resource handiness: The handiness of resources plays a major function in the ability of a squad to bring forth consequences. Peters and OConnors ( 1980 ) postulated that the handiness of specific resources can either advance or interfere with a squad effectivity. The resources needed by a squad to be effectual varies depending on the undertaking range. It may include fiscal, Human, and Environmental resources. D. Reward and Recognition: The relationship between appropriate wages constructions and squad effectivity can non be overemphasized ( Bullock and Lawler,1984 ) . Developing a wages system that focuses on the full squad instead than persons help in bettering squad motive and hence its effectivity. It is a fact that people are motivated to accomplish consequences if they feel that the consequences provide value to the organisation and this value is acknowledged by the organisation. E. Lessons-learned certification: The readying of the lessons learned papers is an indispensable portion of the undertaking squad closing stage ( PMI,2008 ) . The lessons learned papers captures the lessons learned at assorted mileposts in the planning of the undertaking. The concluding meeting of the Group 12 squad was a brainstorming and brainwriting session to place assorted challenges we had during the creative activity of the Sodor undertaking program and how the challenges where managed. Decision This paper inside informations how the Group 12 squad managed the Sodor undertaking from design to the closeout stage. It explains in item the assorted factors responsible for the success of the squad in geting at the concluding undertaking program ; and besides the assorted challenges Group 12 squad had and how those challenges where managed to bring forth positive consequences. The paper sheds visible radiation on the cardinal factors that affected assorted phases of the undertaking and how they where harnessed and utilized positively by the Group 12 squad.

How to Compose an Effective Paragraph

How to Compose an Effective Paragraph Paragraphing, says William Zinsser, is a subtle but important element in writing nonfiction articles and books- a road map constantly telling your reader how you have organized your ideas (On Writing Well, 2006). If youre prepared to go beyond conventional formulas for dividing a text into paragraphs, consider these observations by experienced authors, editors, and teachers. Enlightening ReadersThe breaking up into paragraphs and the punctuation have to be done properly but only for the effect on the reader. A set of dead rules is no good. A new paragraph is a wonderful thing. It lets you quietly change the rhythm, and it can be like a flash of lightning that shows the same landscape from a different aspect.(Isaac Babel, quoted by Konstantin Paustovsky in The Story of a Life: Years of Hope. Pantheon, 1968) ExperimentingParagraphing is often taught in English classes with the same sort of false dictums that poisons much of writing instruction. . . . [Encourage] students to experiment with paragraphing in their own essays, looking to see how paragraphing develops their intended rhythm and tone.(Paul Lee Thomas, Reading, Learning, Teaching Kurt Vonnegut. Peter Lang, 2006) Following InstinctA clever man might successfully disguise every element of his style but one- the paragraphing. Diction and syntax may be determined and controlled by rational processes in full consciousness, but paragraphing- the decision whether to take short hops or long ones, whether to hop in the middle of a thought or action or finish it first- that comes from instinct, from the depths of personality.(Rex Stout, Plot It Yourself. Viking, 1959) Practicing the Art[P]aragraphing is ultimately an art. Its good practice depends on feel, voice and instinct rather than on any formula or techniques that can be dutifully learnt.(Richard Palmer, Write in Style: A Guide to Good English, 2nd ed. Routledge, 2002) Editing by EarWe think of paragraphing as an organizational skill and may teach it in conjunction with the prewriting or planning stages of writing. I have found, however, that young writers understand more about paragraphing and cohesive paragraphs when they learn about them in conjunction with editing. When developing writers know the reasons for paragraphing, they more readily apply them in the editing stage than in drafting.Just as students can be trained to hear end punctuation, they can also learn to hear where new paragraphs start and when sentences are off the topic.(Marcia S. Freeman, Building a Writing Community: A Practical Guide, rev. ed. Maupin House, 2003) Punctuating ProseWe must stop asking what a paragraph is and start asking what paragraphing (i.e., the initiation of a new paragraph) signals to readers; we must think of paragraphing as a kind of macro-punctuation mark that guides readers interpretation of passages much as commas guide readers interpretation of sentences.(Richard M. Coe, Toward a Grammar of Passages. Southern Illinois University Press, 1988) Taking BreathsIn general, I would suggest, the paragraph could be understood as a sort of literary respiration, with each paragraph as an extended- in some cases very extended- breath. Inhale at the beginning of the paragraph, exhale at the end. Inhale again at the start of the next.(Francine Prose, Reading Like a Writer: A Guide for People Who Love Books and for Those Who Want to Write Them. HarperCollins, 2006) Using Common SenseEffective paragraphing is based on common sense. Most readers dont prefer reading extremely long paragraphs or strings of very short paragraphs. Neither helps them to get the most out of what they are reading.(Thomas Tyner, Writing Voyage: A Process Approach to Writing, 8th ed. Thomson Wadsworth, 2008) Catching the EyeKeep your paragraphs short. Writing is visual- it catches the eye before it has the chance to catch the brain. Short paragraphs put air around what you write and make it look inviting, whereas a long chunk of type can discourage a reader from even starting to read. . . .But dont go berserk. A succession of tiny paragraphs is as annoying as a paragraph thats too long.(William Zinsser, On Writing Well. Collins, 2006) Catching a RestThe purpose of paragraphing is to give the reader a rest. The writer is saying to him: Have you got that? If so, Ill go on to the next point. There can be no general rule about the most suitable length for a paragraph . . .. The paragraph is essentially a unit of thought, not of length.(H.W. Fowler, Modern English Usage, 2nd edition, revised by Ernest Gowers. Oxford University Press, 1965) More About Paragraphs in Essays Paragraph BreaksParagraph LengthParagraph Unity

Becas para estudiar en la universidad en Estados Unidos

Becas para estudiar en la universidad en Estados Unidos Los estudiantes domà ©sticos (ciudadanos, residentes, indocumentados) y tambià ©n los internacionales que desean estudiar en una  Ã‚  universidades o colleges en Estados Unidos se enfrentan a grandes costos de matrà ­cula, alojamiento, libros, seguro, etc. A la hora de buscar fondos econà ³micos que paguen o ayuden a pagar por los estudios,  tener presente que la gran fuente de ayuda financiera son las propias  universidades, que ofrecen sus propios paquetes de ayuda: becas, crà ©ditos, trabajo o una combinacià ³n de esas posibilidades. De hecho, algunas de las mejores universidades de Estados Unidos -incluso Ivy League- siguen un sistema de admisià ³n need-blind que garantiza importantes becas a todos los alumnos admitidos, incluidos los internacionales con expedientes acadà ©micos sobresalientes, que es necesario convalidar o sellar con la Apostilla de la Haya, segà ºn las reglas de cada institucià ³n.. Otras universidades ofrecen paquetes financieros ms limitados, pero importantes y tambià ©n se puede buscar becas en organizaciones externas, como las siguientes. Listado de 25 organizaciones que becan a estudiantes -incluidos internacionales- en Estados Unidos AACE International Competitive Scholarship Program Para quià ©nes: estudiantes a nivel universitario, incluidos los internacionales, que centren sus estudios en Negocios, Tecnologà ­a de la Informacià ³n, Ciencias de la Computacià ³n, Ingenierà ­a y Gerencia o Construccià ³n de Edificios. AAUW International Fellowships Para quià ©nes: estudiantes internacionales que son mujeres y que estudian a nivel de maestrà ­a, doctorado u otro postgrado. El importe de las becas va desde los $18,000 a los $30,000. Annie ´s Sustainable Agriculture Foundation Para quià ©nes: estudiantes de cualquier paà ­s que realizan estudios relacionados con la agricultura sostenible en Estados Unidos. Los importes de las becas oscilan entre los $2,500 y los $10,000. AORN Foundation Para quià ©nes: estudiantes de cualquier nacionalidad que realizan estudios de enfermerà ­a de quirà ³fano o pre-operacià ³n. ASHFoundation Graduate Scholarship for International Students Para quià ©nes: estudiantes internacionales y residentes permanentes legales en Estados Unidos a nivel de maestrà ­a o doctorado que cursan estudios en Ciencias de la Comunicacià ³n y Desà ³rdenes, como es Lenguaje de Signos, Enseà ±anza a alumnos con desà ³rdenes de lenguaje. Se concede una beca anualmente por importe de $5,000. Broome Allen Scholarship Para quià ©nes: estudiantes de cualquier nacionalidad pero que està ©n estudiando en EEUU. Es un requisito para poder aplicar ser de origen sefardà ­. Est abierto a estudiantes en à ºltimo aà ±o de liceo, en college, haciendo cursos de maestrà ­a o doctorado. Charles and Lucille King Family Foundation Scholarship Para quià ©nes: Estudiantes de cualquier nacionalidad que realicen estudios de televisià ³n o produccià ³n de cine en una universidad de los Estados Unidos. Chefs4Students Para quià ©nes: estudiantes universitarios de cualqueir paà ­s que realizan en EEUU estudios de cocina, horneado, pastelerà ­a, dietà ©tica, nuticià ³n y similares. El importe de las becas es de $1,000 y se conceden cuatro anualmente. Concursos Ayn Rand Para quià ©nes: estudiantes estadounidenses y extranjeros. Para participar debe escribirse un ensayo basado en una obra de esta autora. Las becas varà ­an en su compensacià ³n. Create-A-Greeting-Card Scholarship Para quià ©nes: estudiantes de cualquier nacionalidad que estudian en una institucià ³n educativa en los Estados Unidos. Para participar para poder ganar la beca hay que crear una tarjeta con una foto o un diseà ±o grfico generado por computadora. Para presentarse el candidato ha de tener entre 14 y 35 aà ±os de edad y el premio al que se opta es una beca de $10,000. Fullbright Scholarship for International Students Para quià ©nes: estudiantes internacionales (los estadounidenses tienen su propia versià ³n). Cada aà ±o unos 4,000 estudiantes acceden a estas becas gestionadas por el Departamento de Estado. Son la crema de la crema. El proceso de seleccià ³n es riguroso y muy largo, por lo que es muy conveniente estar atento a los plazos. Earl Warren Scholarship Para quià ©nes: estudiantes de cualquier paà ­s que vayan a estudiar Derecho en los Estados Unidos. La beca es de $3,000 y premia a los candidatos que tengan un historial extraordinario de participacià ³n en asuntos de derechos civiles o interà ©s pà ºblico. Esta beca est gestionada por NÇAACP. Elie Wiesel Price in Ethics Essay Contest Para quià ©nes: estudiantes de cualquier nacionalidad enrolados en una universidad en Estados Unidos. El importe de estas becas est entre los $500 y los $5,000. Google Anita Borg Memorial Scholarship Para quià ©nes: mujeres de cualquier nacionalidad en su à ºltimo aà ±o de licenciattura o que van a iniciar cursos de maestrà ­a o doctorado en los Estados Unidos en las reas de Ingenierà ­a, Ciencias de la Computacià ³n o semejantes. Se exige una nota media en los estudios realizados de GPA 3.5. El importe de la beca es de $10,000. Google Lime Scholarship Program Para quià ©nes: estudiantes de cualquier nacionalidad con una discapacidad, que en la actualidad està ©n estudiando en una universidad de EEUU o Canad y cuyos estudios se centran en Ciencias de la Computacià ³n, Ingenierà ­a de la Computacià ³n o similares. Se conceden anualmente 15 becas cuyos importes oscilan entre los $5,000 y los $10,000. Google Science Fair Para quià ©nes: estudiantes de cualquier paà ­s que presenten un proyecto en un rea predeterminada de Ciencias, bien individualmente o bien como miembros de un equipo. Las becas oscilan entre los $25,000 y los $50,000. Global Scholarship Alliance Para quià ©nes: estudiantes internacionales a nivel universitario, de maestrà ­a o doctorado en reas relacionadas con la enfermerà ­a. Tambià ©n brinda la oportunidad de realizar prcticas de entenamiento en las propias universidades o en instituciones mà ©dicas. HENAAC Scholars Program Para quià ©nes: estudiantes de cualquier nacionalidad pero hispanos que estn estudiando para licenciarse o a nivel de maestrà ­a en Ciencias, Ingenierà ­a, Matemticas o Tecnologà ­a (STEM, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). Se requiere calificaciones de un GPA de al menos 3.0 para aplicar. LMSA Scholarship for US Medical Students Para quià ©nes: a pesar de su nombre, esta beca est abierta a todos los estudiantes de medicina en EEUU que sirvan a la comunidad latina u otra en situacià ³n de desventaja. Microsoft Scholarship Program Para quià ©nes: estudiantes de cualquier nacionalidad en Estados Unidos (en algunas modalidades se admite tambià ©n Canad y Mà ©xico) que realicen estudios de Ciencias de la Comunicacià ³n, Ingenierà ­a Computacional y campos semejantes. Hay que destacar que adems del programa general de becas, Microsoft tambià ©n ofrece ayudas centradas en grupos de poblacià ³n especà ­fico para las que tambià ©n pueden aplicar los estudiantes universitarios, como son las becas para mujeres, para minorà ­as o para personas con una incapacidad. El importe de los premios varà ­a. PEO International Peace Scholarship Para quià ©nes: Mujeres estudiantes internacionales de maestrà ­a o doctorado. Se conceden hasta 200 becas de $10,000 cada una. Para recibir este premio es necesario comprometerse a regresar al paà ­s de origen tras finalizar los estudios. Point Foundation Scholarship Program Para quià ©nes: ciudadanos americanos y estudiantes internacionales enrolados en una universidad estadounidense. Los candidatos deben participar de algà ºn modo en actividades de la comunidad lesbiana, gay, bisexual o transexual (LGBT, por sus siglas en inglà ©s). El importe del premio es de $10,000. Ritchie-Jennings Memorial Scholarship Para quià ©nes: estudiantes universitarios, de maestrà ­a o doctorado cualquiera que sea su nacionalidad y sin importar la ubicacià ³n de su universidad que realicen estudios de Contabilidad, Administracià ³n de Negocios, Finanzas o Justicia Criminal. Se conceden 30 becas anualmente por importes que van desde los $1,000 a los 10,000. Society of Exploration Geophysicist Foundation Para quià ©nes: estudiantes de à ºltimo aà ±o de liceo, universitarios, de maestrà ­a o doctorado cuya finalidad es una carrera en Geofà ­sica o en un campo estrechamente relacionado. Pueden aplicar ciudadanos de cualquier paà ­s y no es necesario cursar los estudios en EEUU. El monto de las becas varà ­a grandemente pero la media es de $2,500. Women in Aerospace Foundation Para quià ©nes: mujeres de cualquier paà ­s que realizan sus estudios aeroespaciales en Estados Unidos. Se conceden anualmente dos becas por importe de $2,000 cada una. Testimonial Lee esta entrevista a Miguel Pà ©rez, quien llegà ³ a Estados Unidos como estudiante universitario con una beca y en la actualidad es residente permanente. De interà ©s Ya que se gasta mucho dinero, elegir una universidad cuyo tà ­tulo amerite el esfuerzo econà ³mico, estas son las  10 mejores universidades para estudiar ingenierà ­a. A tener en cuenta Los muchachos no conoceros de las leyes de los Estados Unidos deben de saber cul es la edad del consentimiento sexual en cada estado. Tener relaciones sexuales consentidas con un menor de edad puede tener consecuencias legales serias.

Human secource develobment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Human secource develobment - Essay Example Researchers Huselid (1997) and Rao (1999) claim that an employee with strong self-esteem, innovative knowledge and skills is an integrative part of company success. Therefore there is a strong motivation for HRD in any company. What is HRD and what role does it play in development and success of any company? Actually, it is a pivotal question and before evaluation of external partners’ role in SHRD of PowerCo, it is desirable to define SHRD referring to the outer sources. Thus Garavan (1991) claims that HRD deals with management of human resource development with focus on long-term company business goals and corporate strategy. Furthermore companies are thought to have interdependent and connecting relationships among employees. The works of other researchers underline that the main goal of strategic HRD brings closer objectives of the company. Furthermore in strategic context of HRD employees of the company through mission and strategic goal trainings increase both organisational and individual development. SHRD creates a learning culture of the company, involves corporate strategy in every aspect of the life of the company (McCracken and Wallace, 2000, p.288). Nevertheless, HRD deals not only with training, but goes far beyond it. Thus HRD should be considered as a broader concept which involves not only training of employees, but a proactive tool of strategic improvement of the company. Furthermore SHRD can transform corporate culture involving strategic planning unlike HRD which responses to specific problems through efficient and relevant responses to specific problems. In the book by Walton (1999) it is underlined that human resources are the most important organizational resources which can shape all other business resources. PowerCo tends to correspond to this statement, because it ensures constant positive working experience, which improves

Communities of practice, their benefits and management challenges Essay

Communities of practice, their benefits and management challenges - Essay Example This paper will look into Communities of Practice, their benefits and a number of management challenges that they pose in a knowledge-based organisation. A community of practice has numerous benefits to an organisation. Organisations the world over have been utilising Communities of Practice for the last 2 decades in order to have sound knowledge-management systems. It is however important to note that CoPs have existed for centuries within management circles but their full formal attention in a modern organisational setup only emerged in the early 1990s. A CoP is comprised of a group of people willing to share their knowledge and expertise for a considerable amount of time. Organisations have used them to develop their human resources and encourage innovation and new approaches to problem solving. The intensifying of globalisation trends in the 1990s triggered heightened global competition. In order to survive firms are supposed to be creative and innovating which has driven them to appreciate the role that knowledge plays in organisational development. CoPs assist in diffusing knowledge and leverage a firm’s intellectual advantages. Knowledge-based organisations therefore require CoPs in developing their knowledge strategies. As such CoPs also have their limitations in respect to management of a firm. This paper will look into Communities of Practice, their benefits and a number of management challenges that they pose in a knowledge-based organisation. A community of practice has numerous benefits to an organisation. Formerly, many firms used information systems in knowledge management but the results were disappointing. CoP offers relatively new approaches where people interact and learn together. Due to the benefits that this approaches have most firms have adopted CoPs (Wenger and Snyder 2000). Some of the key benefits are as follows; Help with challenges It is clear that all firms experience challenges in their day-to-day running. However, these ch allenges need to be dealt with and a community of practice should be established to do just that. CoP solves problems by pooling of expertise, knowledge and skills from a number of employees. It is important to note that their winding down and eventual shutting down happens when problems they were dealing with are solved and consequently their purpose is fulfilled. Access expertise Organisations that treasure CoP are predominantly knowledge-based meaning that they require a great deal of expertise to carry out their tasks. In order to have a successful CoP its membership should be comprised of knowledgeable and experienced people. In case a firm is short of such workforce it is forced to source for them. In doing this a firm attains a pool of experts within its workforce which works to improve on its performance and profitability. Enhancement of team spirit Members in a community of practice need to work together to achieve set goals. They are not necessarily people who share the sa me ideals or beliefs but they are required to have similar interests in order to ensure a solid group (Llewellyn and Hindmarsh 2010). This facilitates teamwork in decision making and strategy formulation. Saving on cost an time of searching for information A CoP is established in order to deal with problems or to develop solutions. A small team is assembled which analyses the way forward. The smaller the team, the less the time they take in coming up with a solution. A small team is also easily managed and it is relatively cheap to maintain. This saves a great deal of time that inter-departmental meetings would have taken for consultations. It also offers time for the rest of the employee to continue with their normal duties while just a handful of them are picked to deal with pending issues (Wenger and Snyder 2000). The opportunity cost would be too high in taking many workers’ time in decision making. Improvement in quality of decisions A CoP is comprised of carefully selec ted people who bring to the table high-level skills and expertise. This assures the firm that the discussions made are meaningful and that decisions arrived at have high likeliness of being the best for the particular situation. Firms that have many CoPs tend to have better operational strategies which

Comment critically on comparative advantage as a basis for international trade Essay Example for Free

Comment critically on comparative advantage as a basis for international trade Essay Comparative advantage was an idea proposed by David Ricardo in 1817, and is an idea which can be used on a variety of scales, but is most often used when analysing international trade. Ricardo used the idea of wool produced in England at a lower opportunity cost than wool is produced in Portugal relative to wine, while in Portugal wine is produced at a lower opportunity cost than wine is produced in Britain relative to the wool. This means that in Portugal it is less costly to produce wine in terms of what is the next best use of the resources involved. The reasons that this occurs could be for any number of reasons: weather, technology, productivity of workers in that industry and so on. This idea is one that all countries can benefit from, as even a tiny country will have a comparative advantage in a good relative to another good, even when trading with a world superpower. Comparative advantage is often used to look at just two countries and two goods, which is not necessarily a pitfall as the model can be applied to multiple countries and multiple goods, it is just for simplicity. Shown below is a very simple idea of the benefits produced by comparative advantage: As with any model in economics, comparative advantage is not ideal. It is a proposed model based upon a fundamental idea which has very often proved itself to be true, but it still relies on many ideals and factors that do not and cannot realistically exist. These underlying assumptions mean it is difficult to base international trade upon the comparative advantage theory. However, the comparative advantage theory is questionably a solid basis to trade, even if it cannot explain international demand and supply in its entirety. The biggest problem when it comes to how affective comparative advantage is in dictating trade is that all factors of production are assumed to be perfectly mobile, something which it is fair to say is never the case. The idea is that any factors of production, be it labour, capital, land or entrepreneurship, that these, if made redundant from one industry it is thought that these resources could immediately be transferred to another industry that has a comparative advantage over the other country. This is clearly not going to be case, unless the industries are very similar, something which contradicts another theory of comparative advantage, which states all goods are homogenous. It is therefore almost an impossibility for this to occur, for the unemployment created by a failed industry to be suddenly removed by another. Structural unemployment of people without the necessary skills to work, is inevitable. Even in the EU, where the S.E.A single market was set up in 1986, it is still difficult just to go and work in another EU country for geographic, structural and lingual reasons. The government would have to spend a huge amount on supply side policies such as very efficient schemes of education or perhaps low taxation (Thatcherite) to be able to transfer skills that quickly, and shift the long run aggregate supply curve to the right, thus reducing unemployment: Because the government realises just how unlikely and difficult it is to transfer resources, it actively discourages the failure of an industry, as shown by the EUs enormous subsidies of the farmers in this country, most notably the Common Agricultural Policy. It is therefore acting against the theory of comparative advantage, as this would dictate that the farmers move into the service sector, where Britain is very productive. This shows how politics has a great affect on trade once the industry has been established, though comparative advantage may well have dictated what industries were originally started and how they grew, even if politics has a greater effect today. The fact that politics makes a big difference in the effect of comparative advantage demonstrates another shortcoming of the theory. It assumes that trade around the world is completely free, something which is increasingly true, although the creation of the EU has meant that trade within the EU is almost completely free, while from in the EU to the rest of the world, protectionist policies are in place. There also continue to be some semi-autarkic countries such as North Korea. If cricket bats are made in both England and Pakistan, if Pakistan has the comparative advantage in making the good, in terms of Panama hats for example, consumers in the UK may well still buy cricket bats from British producers, for several reasons, most importantly that policies such as tariffs or quotas may well be in place on goods entering the EU, in which case the goods are no longer price competitive. This is shown below: However, the large sales of cricket bats in the UK may well also be for other reasons. Cricket bats are not a homogenous product, with different bats suiting different players, and other non-price competitive reasons such as a higher quality of bat made domestically or that there is better after-sale support. This is something that the theory of comparative advantage does not take into account. It may also be very expensive to transport the bats to the UK from Pakistan, making it no longer economically efficient to trade here. This is something else that is not taken into account by the model. All these things aside, the reasons why countries trade is for the benefits that arise from the trading, such as specialisation increasing output, economies of scale, innovation through competition and the welfare gains in increasing the consumers choice. It is at no stage a random process as to what goods are traded, and there are good reasons for why bananas arent grown in England and sheep arent reared in the West Indies. The productivity of a country in producing a good dictates what it will trade, and a country that is very inefficient in producing a good will move onto something to which it is more suited. There are of course cases where this is overridden by the factors mentioned, but ultimately comparative advantage theory does form a basis as the title suggests, to almost all international trade. For the trade to occur, the terms of trade are laid out, which is simplified to compromising between the opportunity cost ratios of the two countries. Once again, this is not exactly how it works, as politics and economics merge to create something slightly different, but it is highly likely to be something close to what comparative advantage suggests it should be. It is inevitable that the model does not fit the real world, but there is not a single economic theory that can be applied directly to an economy with no assumptions being made.

Human Nature in The Prince by Machiavelli and Utopia by Thomas More :: Papers More Machiavelli Prince Utopia Essays

Human Nature in The Prince by Machiavelli and Utopia by Thomas More It is difficult to determine Niccolo Machiavelli?s and Thomas More?s view on human?s nature. Each took a different approach to the topic. Through Utopia, Thomas More attempted to change man?s thinking by creating an ideological society. Niccolo Machiavelli, through The Prince, attempted to teach man how to deal with human nature. With this in mind, Machiavelli?s concept is much more realistic than More?s; therefore Machiavelli better represents human nature. Machiavelli?s view of human nature in The Prince, presents, on the surface, a view of governing a state drastically different for his time. Machaivelli believed that the ruling Prince should be the sole authority determining every aspect of the state and put into effect a policy which would serve his best interests. With this, Machiavelli uses the prince as man, and the state as the man?s life. These interests were gaining, maintaining, and expanding his political power. Though in some cases Machiavelli may seem harsh and immoral , one must remember that his views were derived from concern of Italy?s unstable political condition in the 1500s. Machiavelli seems to be teaching the common man how to live his life so that their life is good and prosperous. Machiavelli generally distrusted citizens, stating that since men are a sorry lot and will not keep their promises to you, you likewise need not keep yours to them? (Machiavelli 651). Furthermore, ? a prince never lacks legitimate reasons to break his promises? when, ?such an observance of faith would be to his disadvantage; and when the reasons which made him promise are removed? (651). Machiavelli did not feel that a Prince should mistreat the citizens. This suggestion once again to serve the Prince?s best interests. If a Prince can not be both feared and loved, Machiavelli suggests, it would be better for him to be feared by the citizens within his own dogma. He makes the generalization that men are, ungrateful, fickle, simulators and deceivers, avoiders o f danger, greedy for gain; and while you work for their good they are yours? (649). He characterizes men as being self-centered and not willing to act in the best interest of the state,? and when it (danger) comes nearer to you they turn away? (649). Machiavelli reinforces the Prince?s need to be feared by stating: men are less hesitant about harming someone who makes himself loved than one who makes himself feared?

HR Management-Compensation Essay

The dedicated importance given to compensation management by HR managers for recruiting and selecting intellectual capitals of the organization, yields higher prospective benefits of captivating good workforce. So, same is the situation confronted with this particular given case, in which human resource manager is required to hire Shannon Albright, who is having strong educational, professional and experienced background in finance department. In order to hire her as a financial accountant, manager has prepared a descent proposal in regard of compensation package by considering internal and external equities, which are matched accordingly with organization’s requirement and resources. Compensation Management Employees are no longer bounded with the concept of labor who works only for pay. Now, they are considered as the intellectual capital of the organization. The more, organization is willing to invest for the work done by its employees, the more it earns the profit. It does require well management of compensating employees against their services, abilities, skills, etc. endered to the organization through salary packages, incentive plans, and other benefits. In order to compensate the employees, organization generally follows a philosophy. This compensation philosophy not only deals with the single factor of just pay only. But in fact it defines the fixed pay of an employee which is in accordance with the labor market, it defines the variable pay which depends on the employee’ performance and other overall benefits, which include medical care, life and accident insurance, and retirement pay plan that the employee will get after recruitment in the organization. The organization whose compensation management is fine tuned with respect to company’s budget, internal and external equities of base pay structure are well balanced can have a competitive edge over its competitors in the market because it results in low employee turnover ratio and the human resource of the organization will work with boosted motivation of being secured in their current position. It also helps to grab efficient workforce from the market who are considered as good market player. Hence, if the given case is concerned, the HR manager needs to hire an employee named as Shannon Albright as a financial accountant for its organization, for whom he thinks as a best choice for this position. So, before recruiting her, he has to plan a descent salary package, incentive plan and other benefits that will be offered to her in order to make her accept this proposal. Compensation Package  The compensation package for her would be in accordance with the salary survey research of Boston, MA. Hence according to the salary survey research, the financial accountant is getting base pay of $79,090, $5,140 as bonus and $12,021 other benefits, that makes the overall compensation package of $96,251 annually on average (Salary expert, website). Based on this salary data, the HR manager has to offer some attractive offer so that Shannon’s demands regarding her compensation package are fulfilled. Hence, considering the external equity, manager needs to ponder on the internal equity as well because if it is not concerned it will demoralize the other employees of the organization if the new employee is getting more than its job’s worth as per the organization and it can effect negatively on the new employee when he/she is getting less as per pay structure of the organization which is paying more to other employee but paying less to newer ones. If this case is taken under consideration, than for Shannon, HR manager should offer her little bit more than the average salary of the Boston’s business market, and that is about $100,000 total annual salary, which consist of $75,000 as base salary, $12,000 as performance based incentive bonus and $13,000 as overall benefits given to her by the company. The total salary is also in accordance with company’s budget because of their growing business operations, an efficient financial accountant was necessary to induct. Due to the absence of this post in the organization, there were many delays in their operations with respect to finance, which were resulting in considerable loss to organization on behalf of finance department; therefore, this loss will be covered by recruiting her into the organization. As far as internal equity is concerned, organization’s most of the salary packages are in accordance with market salary packages. Hence, in this way Shannon’s salary is in accordance with external as well as internal equity. Incentive Plan  When the organization targets for specific position and post and there is less number of specialists for that position than organization needs to develop an incentive plan which helps to retain existing employees, and attract new employees to the organization. The incentive plan is generally developed to recruit such employees whose supply is less but demand is more and it also helps to boost the morale of existing employee to perform better because incentives are directly proportional to the performance appraisal of the employees. In this case, HR manager has to develop an incentive plan to recruit Shannon into the organization. The incentive plan consists of incentive options. Although, more than above average of the bonus salary is sanctioned to Shannon according to salary data, therefore theses options will make her achieve that bonus. These options include sign on bonus, project based incentive, compensatory leave, and annual leave (HRM manual, 2000). Sign on bonus consists of $5000 written agreement between organization and Shannon, that by accepting this offer, organization will give her this much amount at the end of the year of her joining. Later on, this payment will be included in project based incentive, which will be given to her on completion of successful project at the end of fiscal year, but for the first year of her joining that amount is not more than $7000. Similarly, she will be given compensatory leaves for doing extra work and that leaves will be given to her whenever she desires. In a year, she will be having one month leaves and that will be her annual leave incentive option. Benefits Plan As per existing policy of the company she will be offered other benefits as well which are mainly focused on health and welfare of an employee. The specific portion of the total salary consists of benefits plan, which is aligned to give above mentioned benefits to her. The welfare and health benefit plan include retirement plan, saving plan, medical insurance, dental insurance, etc. (ConocoPhillips, website). A specific portion of funds will be allocated to above mentioned benefits plan. This is the investment that will be done by the company itself for Shannon. Conclusion In a gist, an efficient compensation management by HR manager produces a unique competitive advantage over its competitors because if organization is not doing well on its part with respect to development of its human resource, it won’t be able to collect good intellectuals in its organization. An organization with strong and efficient workforce can achieve remarkable goals even with limited resources and capabilities. In this regard, the management must accelerate their generosity in giving good compensation packages.

In Defense of the Kalam Cosmological Argument Essay

Kalam Cosmological Argument Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Kalam cosmological argument refers to an exercise the positive apologetics which is aimed at proving that truly God exists. Kalam cosmological argument has become an argument which is extremely popular both in philosophy of religion as well as in apologetics. It was developed in the middle ages by the Muslim philosophers and it was brought back into the spotlight by William Lane Craig, a Christian philosopher. This argument has been extremely significant in defending philosophical position of the theistic worldviews. Although this argument has roots in medieval and ancient philosophy, proposition of argument and modern interpretation has deemed craig’s work to be formative. Kalam cosmological argument is criticized for various reasons.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although craig is able to demonstrate all this, his argument does not succeed because it is unable to show or prove that God exists. His argument has nothing to say concerning the moral character of God and especially regarding particular Gods. This kind of objection is exemplified through â€Å"Evil God† hypothesis by Stephen Law, where there exists a personal creator of universe who is uncaused and who sans the world is changeless, beginningless, spaceless, timeless, immaterial and extremely powerful. The mere disparity is that this God is extremely malevolent. According to Kalam argument, Stephen law argues that this Evil God is as probable as the good God, thus the kalam argument doesn’t demonstrate that the good God actually exists, and even does not form a component of a cumulative case of such a God (Djuric, 2011).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Craig’s reply to the criticism by Mackie of the first sub-argument is quite perplexing. He admits that the countless set theory is a system which is logically consistent. As a result, it seems that he admits that there exist logically possible worlds where various infinites obtain. Though, he then maintained that the question which is significant is whether such an unlimited can be obtained or instantiated in the actual world. This question can be understood well using the following suggestions. The first proposition is that the problem is if in the actual world there are any infinites. The second proposition is that the issue is if in the real world there is a possibility of having any infinites. The third suggestion involves the question if in any world there is a possibility of having any infinites (Craig, 2014).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The third suggestion can be immediately dismissed since dismissed by the fact that craig admitted that there exists some world with infinites. The first suggestion can be dismissed also because craig is unable to give defence of this particular claim. He claimed that the kalam argument’s proponent focuses on the claim that in the real world there exist no infinites. However, craig does not provide any further evidence to prove the claim there is no infinites in the real earth beyond the notion that supposing otherwise would be absurd. Because Mackie does not agree with this intuition, this thought cannot be decisive (Nowacki, 2007).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Craig’s key reply to the criticisms by Mackie is very weak. Mackie’s argument was that there was a possibility that something can begin to exist despite it being uncaused. In order for the Kalam cosmological argument to successfully claim that there is no possibility of something to being existing although uncaused it is supposed to come up with arguments which portrays that this claim has a logical inconsistency. Therefore this argument cannot succeed since Craig was unable to validate his claim through providing convincing arguments which would assist in establishing this claim. Mackie proposes that neither of the arguments is true. He added that there is no superior reason to claim that either of the arguments is true. Finally, Mackie argues that, eve if the objections were to fail, there were reasons for assumption that the theist cannot constantly maintain that God can subsist uncaused and also the universe cannot subsis t uncaused. Kalam also failed to provide supportive details to back up his argument. Mackie proposes that it is truly plausible things can subsist uncaused (Rasmussen, 2009).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Mackie also propose that the presumptions that are necessary to make the argument inconsistent with theists’ assumptions. The infinite set theory fails to apply the ontological commitment regarding the real world. In the actual world the illogicality in question do not come about since actual infinite does not exist. The ontological commitment holds that only finite collection that exists. Proponents of Kalam argument totally infer that any ‘real’ earthly order must have a preliminary point. Mackie argues that from any instant, there is only a predetermined extent to the present is appropriate if those sequences maintain this property. Mackie’s argument is that for each position in the series of successive accumulation, there is a former one which it develops from addition. To presume that there is any possibility that the cycle is not derived by successive addition is basically to express a discrimination agains t the assertion that there is likelihood for such sequences (Nowacki, 2007).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In addition proponents of Kalam fail to provide arguments that are logically consistent with the claim that something can exist uncaused. Proponents of Kalam can suppose that things can exist uncaused, but there are adequate reasons in the universe to believe that the world is controlled by some conservation laws that make sure there is no occurrence of such things. Kalam proponents’ argument is deeply devoted to the stipulation of God as an uncaused and eternal being. This might be understood to mean that perhaps the universe is an uncaused and eternal being. There is no righteous approach of believing that neither God has this possessions or the universe. Kalam criticizers provide appropriate points that reveal that, even though the argument can be sound, but they failed to prove that God exist. Oppy criticizes Kalam by saying that it is not conditionally rationally persuasive for its projected audience. He supported his notion by adding that the argument depend on metaphysical and physical theory which stakeholders of the intended audience rebuff. The argument is that Kalam argument does not propose that God exists, yet the universe exists (Oppy, 1991).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Kalam is greatly criticized due to the fact that they do not elaborate whey God does not need a cause if the universe needs a course. The argument is clear that God does not need a cause since it is only things that exist have a cause, but they fail to explain how the universe started to exist. There are inadequate reasons to support that the universe existed due to the causal principles in the Kalam argument. Protestations that things at a first instant of time need no explanation is very unpersuasive, because they do not give supportive reasons whey there is a pertinent difference in the underlying question between first instances and embedded time moments. The kalam case that â€Å"The universe began to exist† is limited since it fails to explain how it started to exist and when. It is also an assumption that the world had existed eternally in the ancient times. Alexander criticized kalam argument by saying, â€Å"any universe w hich is, on average, in a state of cosmic expansion throughout its history, cannot be infinite in the past, but must have a past space-time boundary† (Pitts, 2008).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Kalam argument fails to explain how the universe started to exist and thus the second premise of this premise is also limited due to this beginning less model. Kalam third premise is that everything that exists has a cause which is a controversial conclusion. There are no reasons provided to prove that God exist. It is unsatisfactory to conclude that simply because the world exists the cause is God. Kalam third premise has brought up a lot of debate regarding the possibility of the universe being in existence due to a cause. According to Ockham’s Razor, Kalam third premise violate the principle of parsimony. There is no legal basis for hypothesizing causes beyond necessity. This can be argued since the fundamental cause of the universe would not begin to exist, it could also not require a cause on the basis of these arguments, and therefore it can be simply proposed that the universe is uncaused. This can be applicable if the opinio ns from infinity exertion, and are employed to a countless number of underlying entities.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Kalam argument also fails to explain the beginning of the earth. If the first Kalam principle is factual, that anything that begins to subsist has a cause, it is right to say that nothing that can start to exist if it is uncaused (â€Å"Introduction to the Kalam Cosmological Argument†, 2014). If, then, we admit the prudence of the cause of the world being uncaused, it would follow that, along with the first premise of the innovative argument, that this grounds does not start to subsist. The argument succeeds in demonstrating the three premises, but it is considered worthless. It does not prove that God exist and His moral nature. Kalam argument is inadequate since it does not show any possibility of good God. Consequently, kalam argument fails to demonstrate existence of good God, and does not comprise a collective case for such a God.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Kalam assertion of universe having a cause eliminates the prospect of an uncaused world; it seems practical that it should bring about the probability of theism as an illustrative supposition consequently, though it concurrently raises the likelihood of other descriptive hypotheses. Kalam premises are not convincing because it seems to be applying collective force especially the last kalam premise, hence it is more than logical to make a conclusion that the world has a cause. The argument also brings the probability of a God-like cause, though not as irrational as many people would assume, and not yet wholly convincing. Kalam argument also leaves a lot of gaps since it bring about the probability that the cause must be very powerful. This is because the universe came into physical reality without any material cause. The third premise also relies on the characteristics associated to cause. Kalam argument does not specify any time before the universe. Therefore, it is not easy to explain the existence of the earth based on laws operating on primary conditions, and hence it can only be explained by personal explanation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In conclusion, Kalam cosmological argument succeeded to explain the three premises, but they failed to provide adequate reasons to support their argument. Kalam first premise was that everything that exists has a source. The second premise was that the earth began to exist. The third kalam premise was that the universe has a source. Kalam cosmological argument violates the principle of parsimony. They fail to explain the relationship of the causal relationship to support their concept. Kalam argument fails to explain the source of the earth, it also fails to provide the cause of the universe or how it came to being. Kalam did not indicate that there was time before the beginning of the earth. The argument also fails to explain how the universe came to being because there is a cause. The third premise ends with unconvincing argument that the universe has an origin. This brings further discussion of the potential qualities that the cause of the universe must possess. It can be argued that the universe is uncaused because the cause cannot be based on kalam argument. Kalam cosmological argument faces a lot of criticism because the arguments are not supported by logic and hence people are left with gaps. The major argument is that if the universe came to being because it was caused, it follows that nothing can exist if it is uncaused. References Djuric, D. (2011). Kalam cosmological argument. Filozofija i DruÃ…Â ¡tvo, 22(1), 29-51. In Defense of the Kalam Cosmological Argument | Reasonable Faith. (n.d.). ReasonableFaith.org. Retrieved September 18, 2014, from http://www.reasonablefaith.org/in-defense-of-the-kalam-cosmological-argument Introduction to the Kalam Cosmological Argument. (n.d.). Calum Millers blog. Retrieved September 18, 2014, from http://calumsblog.com/apologetics/arguments-for-gods-existence/kalam/ Nowacki, M. R. (2007). The Kalam cosmological argument for God. Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Books. Oppy, G. (1991). Craig, Mackie, and the Kalam Cosmological Argument. Religious Studies, 27(02), 189.Pitts, J. B. (2008). Why the Big Bang Singularity Does Not Help the Kalam Cosmological Argument for Theism. The British Journal for the Philosophy of Science, 59(4), 675-708. Rasmussen, M. (2009). On The â€Å"Kalam† Cosmological Argument: As proposed by William Lane Craig. Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Ltd. The Kalam Cosmological Argument. (n.d.). JW Wartick Always Have a Reason. Retrieved September 18, 2014, from http://jwwartick.com/category/apologetics/arguments-for-god/cosmological-arguments/the-kalam-cosmological-argument/ Source document

lord of the flies3 essays

lord of the flies3 essays The novel Lord of the Flies by William Golding begins when a group of young boys get stranded on a tropical island without any adults. When the boys are all together they decide they need to elect a leader. The boys choose Ralph primarily because he is the oldest. That angers Jack because him and Ralph arent the best of friends. To restore Jacks hurt feelings Ralph makes him the leader of the hunter group. Jack promises to keep them supplied with meat. Ralph then decides to make rules for the boys to follow, but he only comes up with one. The rule is at meetings only the person with the conch, or horn can speak. After Piggy who is Ralphs best friend lectures everyone on how important it is to be rescued Ralph decides to put a fire on the top of a mountain, so if a plane goes buy the smoke can be seen. They use Piggys glasses to kindle a fire. While Ralph and some others are building huts Jack is out stalking a pig but the pig got away. When Jack gets back to the beach Ralph starts to complain to him that the hunters should do more work at building huts then roaming in the jungle. Jack starts to get angry and the boys get into an argument, but they are able to control themselves. The boys eventually got use to their new life on the island. The early sunrise, the fresh sweet air, and by the best time of the day they forgot about their hopes and worries. When the sun was at its highest peak the heat became unbearable they went into the shade and napped. At night it became pitch black and the boys became frightened and restless. Jack and some of the other hunters painted their faces and went out to kill the pig. Meanwhile Ralph and piggy where sitting on the beach and they saw a ship on the horizon. Then they found out that the fire on the mountain went out because the hunters who were supposed to be taking care of the fire were gone. When the hu ...

Benefits and Strategies of Performance Management

Benefits and Strategies of Performance Management Armstrong and Baron define performance management as ‘a process which contributes to the effective management of individuals and teams in order to achieve high levels of organisational performance. As such, it establishes shared understanding about what is to be achieved and an approach to leading and developing people which will ensure that it is achieved’. They go on to stress that it is ‘a strategy which relates to every activity of the organisation set in the context of its human resource policies, culture, style and communications systems. The nature of the strategy depends on the organisational context and can vary from organisation to organisation.’ In other words performance management should be: Strategic – it is about broader issues and longer-term goals Integrated – it should link various aspects of the business, people management, and individuals and teams. It should incorporate: Performance improvement – throughout the organisation, for individual, team and organisational effectiveness Development – unless there is continuous development of individuals and teams, performance will not improve Managing behaviour – ensuring that individuals are encouraged to behave in a way that allows and fosters better working relationships. Armstrong and Baronstress that at its best performance management is a tool to ensure that managers manage effectively; that they ensure the people or teams they manage: know and understand what is expected of them have the skills and ability to deliver on these expectations are supported by the organisation to develop the capacity to meet these expectations are given feedback on their performance have the opportunity to discuss and contribute to individual and team aims and objectives. It is also about ensuring that managers themselves are aware of the impact of their own behaviour on the people they manage and are encouraged to identify and e xhibit positive behaviours. So performance management is about establishing a culture in which individuals and groups take responsibility for the continuous improvement of business processes and of their own skills, behaviour and contributions. It is about sharing expectations. Managers can clarify what they expect individual and teams to do; likewise individuals and teams can communicate their expectations of how they should be managed and what they need to do their jobs. It follows that performance management is about interrelationships and about improving the quality of relationships – between managers and individuals, between managers and teams, between members of teams and so on, and is therefore a joint process. It is also about planning – defining expectations expressed as objectives and in business plans – and about measurement; the old dictum is ‘If you can’t measure it, you can’t manage it’. It should apply to all employees, not just managers, and to teams as much as individuals. It is a continuous process, not a one-off event. Last but not least, it is holistic and should pervade every aspect of running an organisation. How does performance management work? Because performance management is (or should be) so all-pervasive, it needs structures to support it. These should provide a framework to help people operate, and to help them to help others to operate. But it should not be a rigid system; there needs to be a reasonable degree of flexibility to allow people freedom to operate.

Race. Race as an Essentialist Concept & Race as a Social Construction Essay

Race. Race as an Essentialist Concept & Race as a Social Construction - Essay Example This paper will give a describe ethnicity and race through the social construction approach and primadialist approach. Social constructionist perspective states that the idea of race, which is best understood as the classification of individuals in terms of skin color, hair or body shape, is a biological concept employed when rationalizing and approving the unjust behavior towards groups of individuals by others. The instrumentalist approach further asserts that, social environments enhance the concept of races. Race only exists as long as it is in the collective agreement, imposition and agreement among people. Even if, race fall short of ontological existence, in the society it is real (Ishiyama & Breuning 218). According to social constructionist approach, ethnicity is viewed to be a contemporary instrumentalist symbol that advances the materialistic interests of different groups. These groups’ composition is subject to change due to competitive opportunities. Through this theory, ethnicity and ethnic groups are inventions or creations by opportunistic elites with the intention of manipulating the concept of ethnicity for their personal gain (Ishiyama & Breuning 222). The essentialist theory is based on the principles that, race is a reflection of essence intertwined in biological genes. It further states that race is an indication of traits or abilities, and it is unchangeable. Race to a primordialist is inborn, and a natural phenomenon which man cannot influence (Spencer 43). The primordialist approach is embedded in the view that ethnicity is a permanent feature which is rooted deeply in all essential experiences and activities performed by groups of persons. The approach asserts that individuals in society are divided on a permanent basis and in a manner that is unchangeable. Ethnic groups according to essentialist perspective are unique units categorized on the concept of a common origin. The concept of a common