Advance Directives

These are social insurance choices made by an individual on what he/she might want to be never really case he/she gets inept sooner or later in future.â Decision making on human services issues isn't simple and individuals are encouraged to look for exhortation from such huge numbers of clinical experts so as to make the correct sort of decision.â It isn't just a people specialist who should give headings on what to do then ends produced using there, more data can be gotten from other medicinal services experts to enable the individual to settle on good choices on what he/she needs (Monagle and Thomasma 2004: 141). Propelled mandates are made when one is intellectually skillful and are made on various structures as will be discussed.â Different patients endure various sicknesses or maladies and there are different instances of emergency.â Most cases that do happen are those of heart issues, respiratory and life continuing issues. Â Advance orders show what an individual might want to be never really case he/she can no longer make his/her own choices (Monagle and Thomasma 2004: 141). An individual is additionally permitted to dole out this dynamic job to a doctor he/she trusts and knows his/her wellbeing status, thusly can make proper decisions.â Advanced orders as have been demonstrated, apply in various areas of solid care.â Different medicinal services offices need to submit to the propelled orders of the patients.â Almost all social insurance divisions get these propelled orders on what a patient might want to be done to.â A model is the crisis office that manages revival of patients with heart issues, respiratory issues among others (Bledsoe et al, 2008: 156). The paramedics in this division much of the time don't have the opportunity to peruse and break down the propelled orders composed by the patient and the propelled mandate may not be accessible at the hour of emergency.â They are continually battling to spare the life of the patient at the hour of crisis as their conventions direct, giving them trouble in thought to propel orders documentation just as data recovery about the propelled orders. They along these lines have issues with the development order framework and forms.â Some nations or clinics have created various types of cutting edge mandates that suit the crisis division just as other clinical offices (Bledsoe et al, 2008: 157).â This will be talked about later.â The various types of lawful propelled orders are not known to such a significant number of individuals thus they don't know which one to utilize when needing a propelled mandate. Each grown-up in an intellectually equipped state is permitted to settle on a choice and compose a development directive.â It doesn't imply that on the off chance that one doesn't have a development mandate, at that point the individual won't be dealt with or offered social insurance benefits, this is a discretionary measure just intended to give individuals a not too bad passing or human services administration of choice.â It isn't just the individuals with terminal cases that compose progressed directives.â Normal individuals who feel that mishaps can happen to them and may require explicit clinical treatment compose propelled orders showing what they need and what they don't need when such a circumstance happens (Cotts 2006: 5). This might be an issue however since the individual at the hour of dynamic, don't have the foggiest idea how the mishap will happen or how his life will be influenced after the accident.â It is simply after the mishap that the genuine realities can be uncovered to the person.â This consistently makes issues with the nearby family members the weakened person.â Most instances of advance order are on those with terminal diseases who realize that their life won't be acceptable after some timeframe and in this manner settle on choices on their life when they are completely capable (Cotts 2006: 5). Individuals consistently settle on choices not to be placed into any life supporting machines, not to be revived or permit themselves to be dealt with so that there lives can be sustained.â A development mandate is only a rule to a specialist on what the patient needs to be done to in instances of incapability.â A case of a development order is the Do Not Resuscitate, which directs that a specialist ought not revive a patient if there should be an occurrence of cardiovascular breakdown, or respiratory issue that makes the individual not ready to breath (Atkinson 2006: 46). There are various kinds of cutting edge directives.â These are anatomical gift, a living will and a human services substitute designation.â There is an alternate structure if there should arise an occurrence of crisis clinical care.â If somebody doesn't need any revival if there should arise an occurrence of respiratory or heart rest, at that point a type of cutting edge mandate known as the DNR (Do Not Resuscitate) is used.â All these sorts have explicit territories of utilization (Atkinson 2006: 46).

Management Case Study: Coca Cola Company

The executives Case Study: Coca Cola Company Cola-Cola Company Roadmap begins with their central goal, which is long haul. It pronounces their capacity as an organization and fills in as the standard against which their weight of activity and choices. The strategic Coca-Cola Company is to invigorate the world, to rouse snapshots of confidence and joy, to make worth and have any kind of effect. Vision Vision fills in as the structure for Coca-Cola Company Roadmap and aides all aspects of the business by depicting what they have to accomplish so as to keep accomplishing supportable quality development. Individuals, be a huge work environment where individuals are urged to be as well as can be expected be. Portfolio, bring to the world an arrangement of greatness refreshment marks that expect and convince people groups wants and needs. Accomplices, support a triumphant system of clients and providers, together they make shared, suffering worth. Plane, be a capable occupant that makes an exceptional by helping construct and bolster maintainable networks. Benefit, augment long haul come back to investor while monitoring their general obligations. Efficiency, be a profoundly effective, twist and quick moving association. Coca-Cola items Coca-Cola organizations have a limited items run which are Coca-cola, Sprite and Fanta. Those items are sold in the market with a distinction size of jugs which are 250ml, 300ml, 1liter and 1.5liter pet. Filling in as a Global Team Coca-Cola organizations worked around two center resources, its brands and its kin. That is the thing that makes working at Coca-Cola so exceptional. They accept that work is a spot that the business need go each day. It ought to be a position of investigation, inventiveness, proficient development and relational connections. Its about being propelled and spurred to accomplish unprecedented things. They need individuals to invest heavily in their work and in building brands others love. All things considered, its the consolidated abilities, aptitudes, information, experience and enthusiasm of our kin that make us what our identity is. Coca-Cola Company has 92,800 partners far and wide live and works in the business sectors. They serve in excess of 87 percent of them outside the United State. In the geologically assorted condition, they gain from each market and offer those adapts rapidly. Therefore, Coca-Cola Company culture is perpetually community oriented. From drink idea and improvement to promoting, Coca-Cola partners are sharing idea across divisions and markets in new manners. Thus, Coca-Cola partners are expanding eager about their work and propelled to transform plans without hesitation. With an arrangement of in excess of 3,300 rundown of item, from diet and standard shining refreshments to at present drinks, for example, 100 percent natural product squeezes and organic product drinks, waters, sports and caffeinated beverages, teas and espressos, milk-and soy-based drinks, Coca-Cola Company assortment traverses the globe. The executives Function Arranging Definition Arranging is the way toward defining objectives, creating vital, plotting assignments and afterward choosing how best to achieve them. Because of the arranging procedure, everybody in the association comprehends what ought to be done, who ought to do it, and how it ought to be finished. It is a point by point modified with respect to future game-plan. Plan additionally an outline indicating the asset portions, plans, and different activities fundamental for accomplishing objectives. It characterizing objectives and afterward deciding the exercises and assets required to accomplish them. Arranging can be contrast of type, an association can group a portion of the significant kinds of plans which are the budgetary and non money related plans, formal and casual plans, explicit and routine plans, key and practical plans, long range and short range plans and the last authoritative and operational plans. Arranging capacity is essential to the supervisors, directors need to design so the la borer exercises are reliable with the association objectives and the right sort and measure of assets additionally can be gained. An arranging capacity requires data, judgment and dynamic. Hypotheses As indicated by Dror (1974), he says that arranging is the way toward setting up a lot of choice for activity in future, coordinated at accomplishing objectives. As indicated by Professor Stoner (1997), he says that arranging is of setting up targets and fitting blueprints before making a move. As indicated by Archibugi (2008), state that arranging is a technique for settling on normal choice; a strategy that is, somewhat, basic to numerous zones. Genuine Practice For a Coca-Cola organization, arranging is imperative to them in light of the fact that as indicated by Joel Ross and Michael Kami hypothesis, they imagine that an association without the methodology arranging resembles a boat without a rudder, circumventing the circle. Its like a tramp that is no spot to go to. Key arranging, usage and detailing are the center administration work. Perhaps the greatest factor for deciding if the association performs up to its latent capacity or not is the degree to which the supervisory crew plays out, the procedure making and key executing capacity. Coca-Cola association feels that lone the great key and great executions are the most dependable confirmation of good administration. A vital arrangement is the extension of things to come, which an association uses to lead from what it is to what it imagines it can turn into. Arranging likewise can be a future game-plan. Arranging is fretting about look forward into the future and deciding the vision, strategic goal of the undertaking or program. Vision is that gives the general casing of reference inside which statements of purpose are composed and objectives chose. It likewise is the ideal future condition of association. As per Peter F. Drucker, goals are fundamental in all the key regions where execution and results straightforwardly add to the development and endurance of a business. The vision of the Coca-Cola association is to turn into the best and the greatest stay bottler on the planet. They strategic to invigorate the world, to make worth and have any kind of effect wherever they lock in. In the Coca-Cola association, a large portion of the objectives setting and arranging exercises are taking care of by the top administration. The top chief had set three targets for the Coca-Cola association. The targets of Coca-Cola can be named the key objec tives, strategic objectives and operational objectives. Key objectives are proclamations of what an association wish to accomplish over the time of the vital arrangement prefers throughout the following years, next five years. The key objectives are viewed as when organization is thinking about the drawn out goals. This key objective is set up by the top administration with discussion by the parent organization head quartered at Singapore. The top administrators need to ensure that they are in accordance with the changing condition that they need to survey in the yearly gathering each year. This objectives is to ensure that Coca-Cola organization can proceed give the quality items to the significant clients, to extend a remarkable corporate and attempt to fulfill the client through additional normal assistance and a great help alongside the total strategic and operational help. The chiefs likewise need to choose and hold in proficient individuals for the association. Another, the st rategic objectives which are characterize the results that significant divisions and offices must accomplish for association to arrive at its general objectives. The top supervisors of the Coca-Cola Company on a yearly premise devise these objectives along with the meeting of the lower level representatives. From that point forward, each departmental executive need to partition the yearly errands on the quarterly or month to month premise to have an appropriate check to ensure that these destinations are accomplished basically through the advertising after the yearly assignments is given. During the current year, directors need to guarantee that Coca-Cola can expand the income by 20% of the thought about a year ago and increment the all out retail client around 10%. They likewise need to expand the piece of the overall industry by 5% and 30% of the reactivate the limits of clients. Last, the operational objectives which is that the supervisors set to guarantee that every representat ive can accomplish their own objectives and determined what are anticipated from them and afterward they are assessed based on specific standards and guidelines followed equally by theã‚â company. This operational objectives may emerge some issue which is some new sales rep can't arrive at their objectives so the chiefs need to guarantee that the sales reps can locate the new client, hold existing one and bring back the ended records by giving them some preparation. What's more, arranging is fundamental in settling on the board choices. Dynamic is the investigation of distinguishing and picking choices dependent on the qualities and inclinations of the leader and it is the procedure of adequately lessening vulnerability and uncertainty about choices to permit a sensible decision to be produced using among them. An awful dynamic will have a terrible outcome so a decent supervisor should great in dynamic, they need to must sure that each choice they make is useful for the association. The dynamic procedure in the Coca-Cola organization is concentrated. There are six stage in the dynamic of the Coca-Cola organization which are perceive need to settle on choice, produce options, evaluate the other options, pick among options, execute pick and last the gain from criticism. In Coca-Cola organization, choice which consistently takes by the top chief can identified with the bundling situating, exchange limits, notice, value decreases and dispersion. So as a finish of arranging, arranging is the primary apparatus of the four capacities in the administration procedure. It is properly said Well arrangement is half done. Contrast with the hypothesis and genuine practice, them two are worried with the future activity which is the way to accomplish the associations objectives with those goals that ar

(Q A)^(n+1)

(Q A)^(n+1) Its a beautiful day here in northern Virginia, where Im celebrating New Years Eve with some of my friends from MIT. Since theres a bunch of unanswered questions, let me quickly answer them before heading off to the National Gallery (East Wing designed by MIT alum I.M. Pei) and maybe the Hirshhorn Museum (designed by MIT alum Gordon Bunshaft). existential detective asks, My higher education advisor told me that my school can submit some kind of letter instead of that portion of the application, just outlining how different our grade system is and how we dont use GPAs etc. My counselor claims that because it is a selective english school with a harsh grading system it would be unfair on me to compare my grades here to those of a school abroad. My question is: Will this letter put me at a disadvantage, is it even allowed ? We always want a transcript of your grades, and any supplemental materials helping us to understand those grades are always welcome, and wouldnt put you at a disadvantage. existential detective also asks, Alongside SATs and SAT11s I have had to do GCSES and Alevels which are graded exams in all the subjects that we do, will these results count for anything? We will absolutely consider your international exams, such as A-levels, the French Baccalaureate, the German Abitur, the International Baccalaureate, etc. For students in these systems, your results will be quite important. Door Matt Not McGann asks, What about people taking classes for credit at a local university? What should they do about reporting midyear grades (particularly if they arent getting those grades on their high school transcripts)? We would appreciate being updated on your fall semester university course results along with your midterm grades. For regular action applicants, please list on your self-reported grades any spring semester university courses you might be taking. Ipsen asks, What is the deadline for SAT scores to be sent in? Please designate your scores to be sent to MIT. If you havent done so yet, please do it now. As long as your tests have been taken and designated to be sent to MIT, we do not need to have your scores at MIT by January 1st. We will have them in plenty of time for regular action decision making. EA Deferee asks, Matt, just wondering, what does MIT (and other colleges) do with the admissions fee that applicants submit? I have no idea. Ian T. asks, Is there a deadline for deferred applicants to send in supplemental material? Id say its best to try to get things in by the beginning of February, but anything sent in before decisions are mailed in mid-to-late March will be considered in your decision. existential detective finally asks, Also, Im applying next year but I was wondering when a good time to try to get hold of an almuni for an interview is ? Well send you the name of your interviewer this summer. Most interviews are conducted in the fall. Geoff Lo asks, Seeing that there isnt any way of attaching anything through the online application, I was wondering if its okay to mail a CD containing my coursework project in response to the Optional Show us a device/design question. Its very important to know that you can always send in any materials you wish regardless of if you apply online or on paper. Just be sure to include your full name and date of birth, and MIT ID # or SSN if applicable. Happy New Year, everyone! =)

The Medias Role in Terrorism Essays - 2771 Words

â€Å"If the media were not there to report terrorist acts and to explain their political and social significance...terrorism as such would cease to exist† said John OSullivan, an editor of the Times of London.1 This is also the way many other people feel about the recent increase in terrorist activity; they feel that the media is causing it. The media is doing this by fulfilling the terrorists need for publicity.2 Terrorists need media publicity in order to get their views spread to the public.3 Because of this need for publicity, terrorists are committing their acts of terrorism in areas where a lot of publicity will be gained; the United States and Western Europe are the most recent targets. The bombings of the federal building in†¦show more content†¦The way in which terrorists have gained publicity is very different. Late nineteenth century Southern lynch mobs and Central American death squads did not even use the media to gain their publicity. They just used the ir victims as examples to others who might disobey their rules.9 As times changed, terrorists began to publicize their views in books, pamphlets, underground newspapers, etc. This technique allowed them to reach a bigger audience. It was mostly used by terrorist groups during the 19th and early 20th centuries. Terrorist groups often contained a printer and a writer who together would make sure their views were publicized; the groups did not have to rely on an outside force to publicize for them.10 As new media technologies were invented, the terrorist groups were able to publicize their views to a bigger audience than they had ever imagined possible.11 The only problem was that they could not rely on people in the group to publicize for them; it would be almost impossible for a terrorist group to own a television or radio station. The only way they could get a piece of the new technology was to quot;create news.quot; This is what most terrorists do today; they stage an event that will gain news coverage and then try to get their views publicized byShow MoreRelatedEssay on Terrorism in the Media1109 Words   |  5 PagesTerrorism in the Media Terrorism can be defined as the use of criminal violence to try to force a government to change. It can also be defined as the use of criminal violence that groups or individuals use to seek revenge and cause heartache amongst those that they want to hurt/threaten. Most terrorist groups prefer to target people for a more dramatic response and celebrate when the media broadcasts their violent acts on television and throughout the news. Lately, more and more deadly terroristRead More Arabs in the Media: Victim or Villain? Essay1339 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to Fawaz Gerges, terrorism has emerged as one of the most important political issues in the United States...[linking] it to Islamic militancy... (Gerges 79). Moreover, the medias skewed depiction of the Arabs and Muslims has perpetuated countless stereotypes that undoubtedly affect the American opinion. These stereotypes and misconceptions of the Arabs and Muslims clearly indicate a media bias provoked by ignorance and eth nocentricity. The elite medias role in the portrayal of the ArabRead MoreTerrorism : Terrorism And Terrorism1326 Words   |  6 Pagesallowing terrorism to be successful and continue. Terrorists gain power through the common, innocent people they attack. How the world responds to terrorist attacks determines whether or not terrorism will cease. The common people’s response to terrorism, the interest of the state, and the media’s role in terrorism all aide to terrorism’s success and its continuation in the future. How people willingly choose to respond to terrorist attacks defines terrorism and determines if terrorism will continueRead MoreThe Relationship Between New Media And Society1361 Words   |  6 PagesThe Relationship between New Media and Society: To Extent Does Media Influence the Society’s Prejudices? Introduction It is a well-known fact that the media has a strong hold over the society, and in this information age, it plays a more prominent role than ever before. The recent film, Spotlight shows the manner in which a group of investigative journalists in the Boston Globe made is known to the world that sexual exploitation and abuse was thriving in Churches across the globe. The movie itselfRead MoreMedia In Mass Media1555 Words   |  7 Pagesshare photos and videos at the click of a button. In the spreading the news of terrorist attacks, the mass media used these outlets in their best interest. What is terrorism? â€Å"Terrorism is characterized, first and foremost, by the use of violence†¦terrorism differs from criminal violence in its degree of political change†¦however, terrorism is the weakest form of irregular warfare with which to alter the political landscape†¦terrorist groups rarely possess the broader support of the population that characterizesRead MoreEssay on Terrorism: Paranoia and the Internet1243 Words   |  5 PagesTerrorism: Paranoia and the Internet My third edition American Heritage dictionary defines paranoia as a psychotic disorder characterized by delusions of persecution or grandeur. Having looked that up, Im not sure paranoia is the right label for what Im about to write about; or at least, it is not the only label. I think, specifically regarding terrorism (by maybe more generally as well), the idea of paranoia blurs and blends at its boundaries between propaganda (the systematic propagationRead MoreAmerican Neo Orientalism And The Justification For The War On Terror 1426 Words   |  6 Pages‘War on Terror’ that institutionalized racially charged violence through the demonization of the Islamic ‘Other’. The US-led project to ‘save’ its identity serves to permanently etch within the American subconscious a false representation of modern terrorism in order to incite fear of the ‘Orient’ both abroad and within its borders. In the years following 9/11, the American contem porary security landscape has undergone a paradigm shift towards the adoption of neo-Orientalist ideals and the concomitantRead MoreMogadishu Mission and Foreign Interests of USA678 Words   |  3 Pagestenets that can be taken into consideration should be alert, warning, and execution among others. Because of disproportionate coverage media houses give to terrorists, they resort to bloodier violence to satisfy the medias appetite. Publicity is in fact, the lifeblood of terrorism (Nacos, 2000). Terrorists who are on international terror watch list would always want a deadliest terrorist attack before they are apprehended to satisfy the media appetite. This makes it pretty difficult to arrest themRead MoreIslamophobia: Muslims and Terrorism1162 Words   |  5 Pagesnegative attitudes towards Muslim peoples who tend to be strongly associated with any act of terrorism. The media has played a colossal role in developing such negative association wherein it constantly portrays Muslim people in combination with violent terrorist acts. It does so in a way that they both go hand-and-hand. In other words, it has made it as though the Islamic religion is synonymous with terrorism. The media has perpetuated Muslim stereotypes over the years that followed the 9/11 incidentRead MoreThe Stu dy Of Terrorism And Terrorism929 Words   |  4 Pages The study of terrorism is as complex as the problem itself. How the many factors of terrorism, such as fear and popular support, are interwoven make this a difficult problem to understand, let alone defeat. With this in mind it becomes clear that understanding the problem is, perhaps, the all-important first step to defeating it. To that end, the five most important things about terrorism and counterterrorism I learned from this course are: 1) Our National Strategy for Counterterrorism is

Argumentative Essay On Child Soldiers - 1461 Words

As previously stated, child soldiers are typically viewed as more easily replaced than other soldiers. In turn, this leads to more brutal punishments and a lack of consideration for their wellbeing. The punishments inflicted on the children are similar or worse than the ones inflicted on their adult counterparts which imposes damage that is more destructive to a child than to an adult (Sierra Leone’s Former Child Soldiers). Additionally, the Revolutionary United Front used drugs and alcohol in order to control children and increase their intensity and because of this, many children quickly became addicts. A former child soldier, Ishamael Beah spoke of his experience of cocaine and marijuana withdrawal after being taken off the battle field†¦show more content†¦These various physical difficulties contribute to the changing idea of what a childhood entails. The children abducted by the RUF had their childhood taken away through physical punishment, sexual abuse, and for ced drug dependencies. Continuously throughout the civil war, the Revolutionary United Front forced their child soldiers to terrorize communities of people. There are many known operations that caused devastation to Sierra Leone, all of which were headed by children. A few examples are â€Å"operation fine girl† where child soldiers were to ordered to find and abduct pretty virgins, â€Å"operation burn house† was an arson attack, and â€Å"operation pay yourself† was looting (Children: The New Face of War). The Revolutionary United Front would also coerce child soldiers to amputate and disfigure members of the villages they invaded in order to create a generation of victims. As time went on and these child soldiers committed more and more wartime atrocities the communities become increasingly weary and skeptical of the child. Stories are told of children being forced to kill members of the community, including their own family members. This fear caused by the actions of the abducted c hild soldiers has led to a changed image of the children in the minds of the community members. In a study done by Catherine Bolten 2002, the civilians living in Makeni, Sierra Leone, describe their relationship with the ex-combatants of the RevolutionaryShow MoreRelatedArgumentative Essay On Child Soldiers1291 Words   |  6 Pages â€Å"Over the last ten years, two million children have been killed in conflict. Over one million have been orphaned, [and] over six million have been seriously injured or permanently disabled† according to Children in Conflict: Child Soldiers. In poor, war-stricken countries, impotent children starting from the young age of 5 are being forcibly recruited, kidnapped, and inhumanly threatened into joining sanguinary, brutal wars. These impuissant kids are often appallingly injected with drugsRead MoreOF MICE AND MEN ESSAY Libre2222 Words   |  9 PagesOf Mice And Men Essay Of mice and men essay State of California. essay writers salt lake city research paper writing chattanooga buy college ruled paper. Of mice and men essay Metis-sur-Mer of mice and men essay Columbus, Leicestershire, Palmdale, Bakersfield of mice and men essay san antonio write essay for me, of mice and men essay Alexandria uploading essay to common app, Chester of mice and men essay Norfolk geometry and algebra 1 formula sheet Of mice and men essay State of Rhode Island andRead MoreArgumentative Essay : Donald Trump1278 Words   |  6 PagesBoone 1 Andre Boone Jones ENGL 103-008 11 Nov. 2016 Argumentative Essay Donald Trump was born on June 14, 1946. He was born in Queens, New York. His father was a builder and real estate developer in Queens, Staten Island and Brooklyn. Trump was an energetic, assertive child, and his parents sent him to the New York Military Academy at age 13, hoping the discipline of the school would channel his energy in a positive manner. Trump did good at the academy both socially and academically. He becameRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Romeo And Juliet1591 Words   |  7 PagesJuliet did not live long enough to mature, the characters in Much Ado About Nothing did. A theme found within the pages of this play is maturity. The pairings in this tale are no experts at love; in fact, they are as experienced with love as a young child is. While reading this piece, I remember laughing at the inexperience! Although Leonato and Don Pedro are the eldest of the main characters, they do not exhibit to behave like so at the beginning of the play. This applies to all other charac ters, asRead MoreJake Carlson. Cullen, Engc 1101-33. 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(Library of Congress 1) In the 16th century Europeans began to make appearances in NorthRead MoreENC1102 SYLLABUS 8340511973 Words   |  8 Pageshttp://www.mdc.edu/kendall/english/  Ã‚      Course  Description      This  is  the  second  required  general  core  course  in  college ­level  writing.  Observing  the  conventions  of   standard  edited  American  English,  students  will  compose  informative  and  persuasive  essays,  write   responses  to  a  variety  of  literary  genres  and/or  non ­fiction,  and  produce  a  documented  paper  based  on   research.  This  course  fulfills  the  Gordon  Rule  requirement  that  students  demonstrate  proficiency  in   college ­level  writing  through  multiple  assignments  Read MoreAssignment For Capote s Cold Blood Essay5418 Words   |  22 Pagesis similar to that of an actual essay, with a beginning, middle, and end. The main purpose of paragraphing is to separate and arrange ideas. One paragraph is one point that the writer has made in the thesis. Students are advised to write â€Å"big† paragraphs because in a revision state, it is much easier to cut down your paragraph with the same strong ideas than to expand the paragraph. The structure of a paragraph includes a beginning, or the introduction in an essay. Moreover, the middle of the paragraphRead MoreFrancis Bacon15624 Words   |  63 Pagessaleable morality. He is a moralist-cum-worldly wise man. Bacon appears as a moralist in his essays, for he preaches high moral principles and lays down valuable guidelines for human conduct. Some of his essays show him as a true lover and preacher of high ethical codes and conducts. For instance, in â€Å"Of Envy†, he puts: â€Å"A man that hath no virtue in himself, ever envieth virtue in others.† Then, in his essay â€Å"Of Goodness and Goodness of Nature† he says: â€Å"But in charity there is no excess; neitherRead More Shakespeare in Contemporary Movies Essay4875 Words   |  20 Pagesexample, she does not bother to study in her classes, but she knows how to argue and manipulate her teachers into acceptably high grades. Furthermore, her father, a high-powered lawyer, is as happy as if they were based on real grades because her argumentative skills are as useful in the world of modern, upper-class California as actually doing well in social sciences and gym. As in The Last Action Hero, school is presented as a place where learning is the last thing anyone is doing and rightfully soRead MoreNon Technical Topic6523 Words   |  27 PagesAnother aspect of authenticity to be considered is the bone of contention between the native and the NRI IWE writers. 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The Silver Linings Playbook Chapter 24 Free Essays

Mom’s Handwriting Emerges The sun bursts through the attic window and lands on my face, warming it, until I open my eyes and greet the day with a squint. After a kiss, I return Nikki to my bedroom dresser and find my mother still asleep in my bed. I notice that the glass of water I left her is now empty, and I am glad to have left it there, even if I am mad at Mom now. We will write a custom essay sample on The Silver Linings Playbook Chapter 24 or any similar topic only for you Order Now As I descend the staircase, I smell something burning. When I reach the kitchen, my father is standing in front of the stove. He is wearing Mom’s red apron. â€Å"Dad?† When he turns around, he has a spatula in one hand and a pink oven mitt on the other. Behind him, meat hisses – a thick river of smoke flies up into the exhaust fan. â€Å"What are you doing?† â€Å"Cooking.† â€Å"Cooking what?† â€Å"Steak.† â€Å"Why?† â€Å"I’m hungry.† â€Å"Are you frying it?† â€Å"I’m cooking it Cajun style. Blackened.† â€Å"Maybe you should turn the burner down?† I suggest, but he returns to his cooking, continuing to flip the sizzling cut over and over, so I go down into the basement to begin my workout. The fire alarm goes off for fifteen minutes or so. When I return to the kitchen two hours later, the pan he used is blackened and still on the now greasy stove; a plate and utensils are in the sink. Dad is watching ESPN on his new television, and his surround sound speaker system seems to shake the house. The clock on the microwave reads 8:17 a.m. My mother has forgotten my meds again, so I take out my eight bottles, remove all the caps, and search for the right colors. Soon I have a half dozen pills lined up on the counter, and I confirm that the colors are what I take every morning. I swallow all of my pills, thinking maybe my mother is testing me again, and even though I am technically mad at her, I am also now very worried about Mom, so I climb the steps to my room and see that she is still sleeping. Downstairs, I stand behind the couch and say, â€Å"Dad?† But he ignores me, so I return to my basement gym and continue my workout, listening to the ESPN commentators recap the college games and forecast the upcoming NFL action. Their voices arrive crisply through the floorboards above. I know from reading the paper that the Eagles are favored to win over San Francisco, which makes me excited to watch the game with my father, who will be in a great mood if the Eagles are victorious, and therefore he will also be more likely to speak with me. Midmorning, Mom descends, which is a relief, because I was starting to worry that she was really sick. I am riding the bike, and – after finding the â€Å"Pat† box last night – I just continue pedaling when Mom says, â€Å"Pat?† I do not face Mom, but using my peripheral vision, I see that she is showered, her hair is done, her makeup is applied, and she is wearing a pretty summer dress. Mom also smells really nice – lavender. â€Å"Did you take your pills last night?† she asks. I nod once. â€Å"What about this morning?† I nod again. â€Å"Dr. Patel told me I should have allowed you to take control over your meds when you first came home, that this was a step toward independence. But I was being a mom when you did not need me to be a mom. So congratulations, Pat.† â€Å"Congratulations† is a strange thing for her to say, especially since I have not won a prize or anything, but I am really only thinking about what happened last night, why Mom came home drunk. So I ask her, â€Å"Where were you last night? Did you go out with friends?† Using the corner of my eye again, I see her look down at the old brown rug beneath us. â€Å"I appreciate your putting me to bed last night. The water and the Tylenol helped. It was a bit of a role reversal, eh? Well, I appreciate it. Thanks, Pat.† I realize she has not answered my question, but I don’t know what to say, so I say nothing. â€Å"Your father has been a bear lately, and I’m simply tired of it. So I’m making some demands, and things are going to change a little around here. Both of my men are going to start taking care of themselves a little more. You need to get on with your life, and I’m sick and tired of the way your father treats me.† Suddenly I forget all about the â€Å"Pat† box and face my mother as I continue pedaling. â€Å"Are you mad at me? Did I do something wrong?† â€Å"I’m not mad at you, Pat. I am mad at your father. He and I had a long talk yesterday when you were running. Things might be a little rough around here for a few weeks, but I think we’ll all be better for it in the long run.† A wild thought leaps into my head and terrifies me. â€Å"You’re not leaving us, Mom, are you?† â€Å"No. I’m not,† Mom says, looking me in the eyes, which makes me believe her one hundred percent. â€Å"I would never leave you, Pat. But I am going out today because I’m done with Eagles football. You two are on your own for food.† â€Å"Where are you going?† I ask, pedaling faster now. â€Å"Out,† Mom says, and then kisses the little white scar on my sweaty forehead before she leaves. I am so nervous about what Mom has told me that I do not eat anything all day, but simply drink my water and do my routine. Because the Eagles are playing at 4:15, I get in a full workout. The whole time, I secretly hope my father will come down into the basement and ask me to watch the 1:00 NFL game with him, but he doesn’t. Midafternoon I climb up out of the basement and stand behind the couch for a second. â€Å"Dad?† I say. â€Å"Dad?† He ignores me and keeps watching the 1:00 game, and I don’t even look to see who is playing, because I am so nervous about what Mom told me. I put on my trash bag and hope Tiffany is outside, because I could really use someone to talk to. But after I stretch for fifteen minutes, Tiffany doesn’t show, so I run alone, thinking it funny that when I want to run alone, Tiffany is always there, but today she is not. I am very hungry, and the pain in my stomach increases as I run, which I relish because it means I am losing weight, and well, I feel as though I might have put on some extra fat in the past week, especially after drinking beer with Jake last weekend. This reminds me that I have not spoken with Jake since the Eagles lost to the Giants, and I wonder if he is coming over today to watch the game with Dad and me. Since the pain has sharpened, I decide to run farther than usual, pushing myself. Also, I am sort of afraid to go home, now that my mother has left me alone with my father for the day, and I am not sure what she meant by â€Å"changes† anyway. I keep wishing Tiffany was running with me so I might talk to her and tell her how I feel, which is a strange desire since she usually never says much in response, and the last time I tried to talk to her about my problems, she started cursing very loudly in a public place and said some really awful things about Nikki. Still, I am s tarting to feel as though Tiffany is my best friend, which is sort of strange and scary. At the end of my run, I jog down my street, and Jake’s silver BMW is nowhere to be seen. Maybe he took the train in from Philadelphia, I think. I am hoping not to be left alone with my father for the game, but somehow I know this is exactly what is going to happen. When I enter the house, my dad is still alone on the couch, wearing his McNabb jersey now and watching the end of the 1:00 game. A small collection of beer bottles stand at his feet like bowling pins. â€Å"Is Jake coming over?† I ask my father, but he ignores me again. Upstairs, I shower and put on my Hank Baskett jersey. When I reach the family room, the Eagles game is just coming on, so I sit down at the end of the couch my father is not occupying. â€Å"What the hell is that noise?† Dad says, and then turns down the volume. I realize my stomach is making crazy gurgling noises, but I say, â€Å"I don’t know,† and Dad turns up the volume again. Just as I had hoped, the new television is an experience. The players warming up on the field look life-size, and the sound quality makes me feel as though I am in San Francisco, sitting on the fifty-yard line. Realizing that my brother is not going to make it by kickoff, when a commercial comes on, I jump to my feet and yell â€Å"Ahhhhhhhhh!† but Dad only looks at me like he wants to hit me in the face again. So I sit down and do not say anything else. The announcers state that Donte Stallworth was a late scratch, so I start to hope Baskett will get a few more balls thrown his way, since the Eagles’ number one receiver is out of action. The Eagles set up a nice drive and score on their first possession with a shovel pass to Westbrook, at which point my father’s emotions morph. He reaches across the couch and repetitively claps his hand against my thigh, saying over and over again, â€Å"Touchdown Eagles! Touchdown Eagles!† I start to feel hopeful for my dad, but when the Eagles kick off, he resumes his negative ways and says, â€Å"Don’t celebrate too much. Remember what happened last week.† And it is almost as if he is talking to himself, reminding himself not to be overly hopeful. The defense holds strong, and tight end L. J. Smith scores a touchdown with only a few minutes left in the first quarter, making it 13 – 0. Even though the Eagles have blown big leads before, it seems safe to say the Birds are the superior team today. My thoughts are confirmed after Akers hits the extra point and my father jumps up and starts singing â€Å"Fly, Eagles, Fly.† So I jump up and sing with him, and we both do the chant at the end, spelling the letters with our arms and legs: â€Å"E!-A!-G!-L!-E!-S! EAGLES!† Between quarters, my father asks me if I am hungry, and when I say yes, he orders us a pizza and brings me a Bud from the refrigerator. With the Eagles up 14 – 0, he is all smiles, and as we sip our beer, he says, â€Å"Now all we need is your boy Baskett to get a catch or two.† As if my father’s words were a prayer answered, McNabb’s first completion in the second quarter is to Baskett for eight yards. Dad and I cheer so loudly for the undrafted rookie. The pizza arrives during halftime, and the Eagles are up 24 – 3. â€Å"If only Jake were here,† my father says. â€Å"Then this day would be perfect.† My dad and I have been so happy that I’ve forgotten Jake is not with us. â€Å"Where is Jake?† I ask, but Dad ignores the question. In the third quarter the San Francisco running back fumbles on the Eagles’ one-yard line and defensive tackle Mike Patterson picks up the ball and runs toward the opposite end zone. Dad and I are out of our seats, cheering on the three-hundred-pound lineman as he runs the whole length of the field, and then the Eagles are up 31 – 3. San Francisco scores a few touchdowns late in the second half, but it doesn’t matter, because the game is basically out of reach, and the Eagles win 38 – 24. At the conclusion of the game, my father and I sing â€Å"Fly, Eagles, Fly† and do the chant one last time, celebrating the Eagles’ victory, and then Dad simply turns off the television and returns to his study without even saying goodbye to me. The house is so quiet. Maybe a dozen or so beer bottles on the floor, the pizza box is still on the coffee table, and I know the sink is stacked full of dishes and the pan in which Dad cooked his breakfast steak. Since I am practicing being kind, I figure I should at least clean up the family room so Mom won’t have to do it. I carry the Bud bottles out to the recycle bucket by the garage and throw away the pizza box in the outside garbage can. Back inside, a few used napkins are on the floor, and when I reach down to pick up the mess, I spot a crumpled ball of paper under the coffee table. I pick up the ball, uncrumple it, and realize it is not one but two pieces of paper. Mom’s handwriting emerges. I flatten the papers out on the coffee table. Patrick, I need to tell you I will no longer allow you to disregard the decisions we make together, nor will I allow you to talk down to me any longer – especially in front of others. I have met a new friend who has encouraged me to assert myself more forcefully in an effort to gain your respect. Know that I am doing this to save our marriage. Your options: Return the monstrous television you purchased, and everything will go back to normal. Keep the monstrous television, and you must agree to the following demands: You must eat dinner at the table with Pat and me five nights a week. You must go on a half-hour walk with either Pat or me five nights a week. You must have a daily conversation with Pat, during which you ask him at least five questions and listen to his replies, which you will report to me nightly. You must do one recreational activity a week with Pat and me, such as eating at a restaurant, seeing a movie, going to the mall, shooting baskets in the backyard, etc. Failure to complete either option 1 or 2 will force me to go on strike. I will no longer clean your house, buy or cook your food, launder your clothes, or share your bed. Until you declare which option you wish to take, consider your wife on strike. With best intentions, Jeanie It does not seem like Mom to be so forceful with Dad, and I do wonder if her â€Å"new friend† coached her through the writing of the two-page letter. It is very hard for me to picture Dad returning his new television, especially after watching the Eagles win on the new set. His purchase will be considered good luck for sure, and Dad will want to watch next week’s Eagles game on the same television so he will not jinx the Birds, which is understandable. But the demands Mom made – especially the one where Dad has to talk to me every night – also seem incredibly improbable, although I do think it would be nice to eat dinner together as a family and maybe even go out to a restaurant, but not to the movies, since I am now only willing to watch the movie of my own life. Suddenly I need to speak with my brother, but I do not know his phone number. I find the address book in the cabinet above the stove and place a call to Jake’s apartment. A woman picks up on the third ring; her voice is beautiful. â€Å"Hello?† she says. I know it is not my brother on the other end, but I still say, â€Å"Jake?† â€Å"Who is this?† â€Å"It’s Pat Peoples. I’m looking for my brother, Jake. Who are you?† I hear the woman cover the phone with her hand, and then my brother’s voice comes through loud and clear: â€Å"Did you see that ninety-eight-yard fumble return? Did you see Patterson run?† I want to ask about the woman who answered my brother’s phone, but I am a little afraid of finding out who she is. Maybe I should already know, but forget somehow. So I simply say, â€Å"Yeah, I saw it.† â€Å"Frickin’ awesome, dude. I didn’t know a defensive tackle could run that far.† â€Å"Why didn’t you come over and watch the game with Dad and me?† â€Å"Truthfully?† â€Å"Yes.† â€Å"I can’t lie to my brother. Mom called me this morning and told me not to come, so I went to a bar with Scott. She called Ronnie too. I know because Ronnie called me to make sure everything was okay. I told him not to worry.† â€Å"Why?† â€Å"Should he be worried?† â€Å"No, why did Mom tell you and Ronnie not to come over?† â€Å"She said it would give you a chance to be alone with Dad. She said it would force Dad to talk to you. So did he?† â€Å"A little.† â€Å"Well, that’s good, right?† â€Å"I found a note from Mom to Dad.† â€Å"What?† â€Å"I found a note from Mom to Dad.† â€Å"Okay. What did it say?† â€Å"I’ll just read it to you.† â€Å"Go ahead.† I read him the note. â€Å"Shit. Go Mom.† â€Å"You know he won’t be taking the television back now, right?† â€Å"Not after the Birds won today.† â€Å"Yeah, and I’m worried that Dad won’t be able to meet the demands.† â€Å"Well, he probably won’t, but maybe he’ll at least try, right? And trying would be good for him – and Mom.† Jake changes the subject by mentioning Baskett’s catch in the second quarter, which turned out to be his only catch of the game. My brother doesn’t want to talk about our parents anymore. He says, â€Å"Baskett’s coming along. He’s an undrafted rookie, and he’s getting catches. That’s huge.† But it doesn’t feel huge to me. Jake says he’s looking forward to seeing me next Monday night, when the Eagles will play the Green Bay Packers. He asks me to have lunch in the city before we tailgate with Scott and the fat men, and then we hang up. It’s getting late, and my mother is still not home. I begin to worry about her, and so I do all the dishes by hand. For a good fifteen minutes – with steel wool – I scrub the pan my father burned. And then I vacuum the family room. Dad had splattered some pizza sauce on the couch, so I find some cleaning spray in the hall cabinet and do my best to remove the stain – dabbing lightly and then wiping a little harder in a circular motion, just like it says on the side of the bottle. My mom comes home as I am on my knees cleaning the couch. â€Å"Did your father tell you to clean up his mess?† Mom asks. â€Å"No,† I say. â€Å"Did he tell you about the letter I wrote him?† â€Å"No – but I found it.† â€Å"Well, then you know. I don’t want you to do any cleaning, Pat. We’re going to let this place rot until your father gets the message.† I want to tell her I found the â€Å"Pat† box in the attic, how hungry I was today, that I really don’t want to live in a filthy house, and I need to take one thing at a time – finding the end of apart time first and foremost – but Mom looks so determined and almost proud. So I agree to help her make the house filthy. She says we will be eating takeout, and when my father is not home, everything will be as it was before she wrote the note, but when my father is home, we will be slovenly. I tell Mom that while she is on strike, she can sleep in my bed, because I want to sleep in the attic anyway. When she says she’ll sleep on the couch, I insist she take my bed, and she thanks me. â€Å"Mom?† I say when she turns to leave. She faces me. â€Å"Does Jake have a girlfriend?† I ask. â€Å"Why?† â€Å"I called him today, and a woman answered the phone.† â€Å"Maybe he does have a girlfriend,† she says, and then walks away. The indifference Mom shows regarding Jake’s love life makes me feel as though I am forgetting something. If Jake had a girl friend Mom did not know about, she would have asked me a million questions. Her lack of interest suggests that Mom is keeping another secret from me, maybe something larger than what I found in the â€Å"Pat† box. Mom must be protecting me, I think, but I still want to know from what. How to cite The Silver Linings Playbook Chapter 24, Essay examples

Pixar- Culture and Organisations Essay Example

Pixar- Culture and Organisations Paper Culture and Organisations Pixar case study HRO372 1. Background Pixar Animation Studios was founded in 1979, initially specializing in producing state of the art computer hardware (Carlson, 2003). In 1990, due to poor product sales the company diversified from its core business and began producing computer animated commercials for outside companies. Success came for Pixar after the production of its first computer animated film ‘Toy story’ in 1995 (Hutton and Baute, 2007). Since then, Pixar has made many innovative animated feature films, with well known ones including A Bugs Life, Toy Story 2, Monsters, Inc. , Finding Nemo, The Incredibles, Cars, Ratatouille and WALL-E, six of which are in the top grossing animated films of all time (Pixar, 2010). The company has won many Academy awards for Best Animated Feature film, and puts its success largely down to the â€Å"rare talent† of its employees (Prokesch, 2008). Pixar’s operates a strong organisational culture, which has seen it become a benchmark for other companies in the film making industry. The company’s key objective is â€Å"to combine proprietary technology and world-class creative talent to develop computer-animated feature films with memorable characters and heart-warming stories that appeal to audiences of all ages (Pixar, 2009). † In 2006, Pixar entered a 7. 6 billion dollar agreement to work with the Walt Disney Company. The Pixar Company is now a wholly owned subsidiary of Disney (La Franco, 2006). Although the merger has been a success long term, it has not been without its problems. We will write a custom essay sample on Pixar- Culture and Organisations specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pixar- Culture and Organisations specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pixar- Culture and Organisations specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Pixar’s unique ‘hands off’ management culture has often conflicted with Disney’s traditional bureaucratic leadership style. The animation industry is a highly competitive environment, with Pixar’s biggest competition being, DreamWorks Animation and Blue Sky Studios. In 2008, the global animation market was estimated to be worth 300 billion US dollars per year (Skillset, 2009). In order to remain competitive, Pixar need to retain a highly skilled workforce and not lose their strong organisational culture, which is the foundation of their creative power and innovation. 2. Frameworks for analysis . 1 Schein’s framework Many theorists have given their definition of organizational culture. Schein (1997, p. 6), defines it as the â€Å"basic assumptions and beliefs that are shared by members of an organization, that operate unconsciously and define in a basic taken-for-granted fashion an organization’s view of itself and its environment. â₠¬  Schein highlights the importance of understanding culture within an organization stating that â€Å"organizational learning, development and planned change cannot be understood without considering culture as the primary source of resistance to change. Schein’s framework (see appendix a) argues that an organizations culture is made up of three levels, consisting of artifacts, espoused beliefs and values and underlying assumptions. This framework will be used to analyze the human resource management within Pixar to see how it impacts on the company’s organizational culture. In his book â€Å"The corporate culture survival guide,† Schein reveals that there is clear link between corporate culture and Human Resource Management. He states that corporate culture isn’t always what it seems. There are ‘hidden depths’ that managers fail to acknowledge in times of organization failure. Managers need to grasp the true meaning of the company in which Schein states can be â€Å"learned, shared, tacit assumptions on which people base their daily behaviour. Pixar’s HRM is one that is designed to increase employee satisfaction. Catmull (2008), states that the belief at Pixar is that â€Å"people are greater than ideas. † The company’s organizational structure, strategy, communication levels, team work environment, values and norms are central to its unique â€Å"hands off† management culture, which has seen it become a benchmark in the film making industry. 2. 2 Artifacts Physical organizational structures and processes are at the basic level of defining an organizations culture. Schein states that â€Å"these artifacts are those aspects, at the surface, that can be easily discerned, yet are hard to understand. † At Pixar these artifacts are as follows: 1. Pixar University The key to Pixar’s success is its talented employees which lie at the heart of the organisation. The company promotes a learning culture and all employees are encouraged to devote at least four hours a week to their education. In house courses are provided through the company’s own established university- Pixar University (PU). Pixar University is responsible for training and cross training people, helping them progress in their careers (Catmull, 2008). Educational classes include screenplay writing, drawing and sculpting, however there are optional classes such as Pilates and yoga that encourage people from all disciplines to interact and value one another. Through expanding knowledge in and outside of their areas, employees become more resilient to change. Redman and Wilkinson (2006), support this view stating that through training and development, organizations are readily able to adapt to changes in the business environment. 2. Building structure The Pixar building is designed for a functional purpose- to maximize interaction between all Pixar employees. Schein suggests that if you want to understand organizational culture have a look at their work place environment. The building typically represents a â€Å"den† culture (Duffy, 1997-) and is designed to allow for high interaction and low autonomy (see appendix B). The layout consists of a large atrium at its centre and includes a cafeteria, meeting rooms, bathrooms, and mailboxes. This systematically ensures that people gather there repeatedly throughout the day, providing â€Å"valuable encounters† (Catmull, 2008). . Recruitment All new hires attend an ‘orientation session’ where Pixar’s president Ed Catmull, gives a presentation on the mistakes the company have made and the lessons that were learned. The process is intended to ‘break down the barriers’ and change the assumption that successful people are not always right. 4. C ommunication structure There are no channels at Pixar. Members of any department are freely allowed to approach anyone. The decision making hierarchy and communication structure are seen to be separate from one another. Nobody needs to ask permission to speak to another member on how to solve a problem. Pixar offer a â€Å"safe environment† on freedom of speech with all employees being encouraged to email notes to leaders giving their opinions on what they liked and disliked about their work and why. Barret (1997), states that transparent and open communication can positively influence innovation and creative processes in an organization. Ways in which Pixar manage this communication is through the following processes: (a) Pixar’s â€Å"Creative Brain Trust† Teams are typically made up of a director, a writer, some artists, and some storyboard people. All team members are encouraged to share their ideas through a process called â€Å"the brain trust. † This occurs when the producer or director need advice and so call together all members of the group to discuss the current state of work. All employees are actively involved in a â€Å"lively 2 hour session† on how to better their work. All Pixar employees are seen as valuable assets to the organization, and therefore all ideas are valued. (b) Daily Review process The company encourages daily review processes called â€Å"dailies,† in which all teams come together and present their work in progress to one another. All employees are encouraged to give each other feedback on each team’s current state of work. Everyone shares their opinions and make suggestions for improvements. The director ultimately makes the final decision, however the teams get to put forward their ideas. â€Å"Dailies† is a technique that was originally used by Disney. (c) â€Å"Postmortems† After every film is completed, reflections or so called â€Å"postmortems† are encouraged as a way of focusing on the positives and the negatives. The idea is for employees to analyze what went right and what went wrong and use these boundaries as a benchmark for later productions. Through using data, the organization is able to analyze each process, keeping track of the rates at which things happen, how often things are amended, and the current state of a piece of work when it gets sent to another department etc. The data helps to â€Å"stimulate discussion† and challenge any assumptions that may arise. 2. 3 Espoused Values Schein states that â€Å"beneath these structures there are espoused values, which are conscious strategies, goals and philosophies. † It is these underlying beliefs, values and assumptions that dictate the way people act. Tesluk et al (1997), believes that shared norms, beliefs and values help individuals to assume whether innovative and creative behaviour determine the way in which the organisation operates. Pixar’s corporate mission is â€Å"to combine proprietary technology and world-class creative talent to develop computer-animated feature films with memorable characters and heart-warming stories that appeal to audiences of all ages† (Pixar, 2009). This corporate mission is managed through the following strategies, goals and philosophies: 1. Recruitment of those with â€Å"rare talent† The hiring process should communicate the organizations shared purpose. The belief at Pixar is to ensure that all recruits don’t fall into what Catmull (2008) calls the â€Å"awe-of-the-institution† syndrome. Management transmit the values of the company through the process of the â€Å"orientation session. † This resembles a storytelling of the company and its culture. The session highlights the belief that all employees are seen as valuable assets to the organization, and that successful people aren’t always right. Harrison (2005) agrees that in order to foster creativity, it is vital to recruit and retain talented employees. Management at Pixar believe that through the â€Å"regular injection of outsiders† (Catmull, 2008), the company will be able to embrace change. Mathis and Jackson (2008) agree that a core competency of any business is to be able to attract and retain employees with unique, professional and technical capabilities. 2. Invest in people Pixar’s employees are seen as valuable assets to the organization, therefore the value of the company is to invest in people. This is achieved through ongoing training and development. Pixar University creates this learning environment. Randy Nelson, dean of Pixar University describes its purpose as: Weve made the leap from an idea-centered business to a people-centered business. Instead of developing ideas, we develop people. Instead of investing in ideas, we invest in people. Were trying to create a culture of learning, filled with lifelong learners. Its no trick for talented people to be interesting, but its a gift to be interested. We want an organization filled with interested people† (Baker, 2008). Pixar believe that through training and developing employees, it will help them progress in their careers. Catmull (2008) states â€Å"Pixar University helps to reinforce the mind-set that we’re all learning and it’s fun to learn together. † All employees learn from their mistakes through the process of â€Å"postmortems. † The idea is not to beat yourself up about what went wrong but to use the experience as a learning opportunity. One way that Pixar overcome this is by getting employees to list the things that went right against the things that went wrong. Conner and Clawson (2004), state that learning should be linked either directly or indirectly to a business goal. 3. Obtain Creative leadership Syrett and Lammiman (1997) believe that the most successful companies are capable of integrating innovation and creativity into their culture through the management process. Pixar’s philosophy is â€Å"You get great creative people, you bet big on them, you give them enormous leeway and support, and you provide them with an environment in which they can get honest feedback from everyone† (Catmull ,2008, p. 68). The management at Pixar operate a â€Å"task based culture† in which Mullins (2007), notes that the organization seeks to bring together the right resources and the right people to utilize the unified power of the group. At Pixar, this task based culture is evident through the process of the â€Å"creative brain trust† in which each team is given creative ownership over all tasks. Catmull (2008) notes â€Å"Clear values, constant communication, routine postmortems, and the regular injection of outsiders who will challenge the status quo aren’t enough- strong leadership is essential to make sure people don’t pay lip service to the values, tune out the communications, game the processes, and automatically discount newcomers’ observations and suggestions. Judge et al (2007), believes that this philosophy is one that increases employee creativity, because top management set strategic goals but allow employees considerable freedom within the context of these goals. 4. Create Trusting Relationships Pixar’s goal is to create lasting relationships. Catmull (2008) states â€Å"we believe that lasting relationships matter. † Much of the production crew at Pixar have w orked with each other for many years. Trust and respect for one another is vital in order for people to work effectively together. The role of management at Pixar is to create an environment that fosters these relationships. Gilbert, (2007) notes, â€Å"Pixar trusts the teams they build to do their jobs and gives them the freedom to do them well. Executives don’t go to story meetings, they recognize that is a job they’ve hired artists for and they trust the artists to do it. There is little micromanagement. † Trust is established through the ongoing process of Pixar’s â€Å"creative brain trust†, daily reviews and â€Å"postmortems†, were employees are able to freely express their ideas and opinions and everyone is actively involved in the discussion process. Barnard (1938) believed that the commitment and contribution of all employees to achieve a common purpose were necessary for the existence of a co-operative system. The Pixar building is typical of a nodal design, which according to Myerson and Ross (2004) is one that is designed to encourage knowledge and learning. The belief is that people will mix in the relaxed atmosphere during the course of the day and discuss their ideas, increasing creative thinking and promoting innovative ideas. Kouzes and Posner (2000) believe that trustworthiness is the foundation of leadership. . Freedom to communicate Pixar’s operational principles (see appendix C) state that every employee should be able to freely and safely communicate their ideas to anyone. Hooper and potter (1999) found that an open communication culture is a key attribute for effective leadership within an organization. Pixar’s open communication structure resembles that of a â€Å"den culture† and allows for h igh interaction and low autonomy. This enables flexibility and co-operative teamwork. Catmull (2008) notes that employees â€Å"really do feel that it’s all for one and one for all. Communication is effectively established through Pixar’s â€Å"creative brain trust,† in which all employees help the director to solve any problems that he/she may have. The strategy enables employees to express any organisational concerns that may arise. 2. 4 Underlying Assumptions Schein defines this bottom level as â€Å"the core or essence of culture. † These assumptions and values are difficult to understand because they exist beneath the surface, operating at an unconscious level. In order for management to understand why things happen the way they do, is to look at the deeper dimensions of human existence. It is through this that they can truly identify with truth and reality. The assumptions at Pixar are as follows: 1. People are good The assumption that people are good leads to the belief that ongoing training and development should be provided. This belief is established through the creation of Pixar University; in which Pixar invest in their employees through providing them with classes to broaden their academic and interpersonal skills. Rodriguez (2005) notes that a successful business is one that invests in its employees. Trust in employees is another belief put forward by management that results in the process of an open communication system and the belief that employees should have creative ownership over all tasks. 2. Company’s should fight the â€Å"success syndrome† Pixar has had many triumphs of success, but according to Catmull (2008) it will continue to improve itself until the end. This assumption is evident through the belief of providing a learning culture for its employees and is evident with Pixar University and through the processes of post-mortems, daily reviews and the recruitment of new hires. Prokesch (2008) notes that â€Å"some of the most exceptional unsung heroes in business are the managers who resist taking authority and the limelight and build a solid stage where others can be stars. † 3. Taking risks is good for business. Pixar operate through the assumption that managing creative talent and taking risks is responsible for their success. According to Catmull (2008) the role of management is not to prevent risk but to build the capability to recover when failures occur. This is evident through the belief of creating trusting relationships and being a creative leader. In the animation industry, companies can’t afford to play it safe. It is up to the management to have trust in the new ideas put forward by employees. Pixar’s creative brain trust offers this safe environment were all employees’ ideas are valued. Catmull (2008) adds â€Å"we believe the creative vision propelling each movie comes from one or two people and not from either corporate executives or a development department. † Koontz and Weihrich (2007) agree that management should take risks for the long term survival of a business. 3. Changes and Improvements It is naive to assume that by giving employees great leeway they will become more creative. While creative leadership may work for Pixar, it may not be the case for other company’s. Although the Disney Pixar merger has proved to be a success short term (with the creation of Award Winning movies such as Ratatouille, WALL-E, and their latest film UP), they could face problems in the long term. The Disney Pixar merger could be seen as a future weakness for the company as Disney’s bureaucratic management culture is quite the opposite to that of Pixar. Previous studies show that there is a high failure rate for mergers. Millier (2008) found that 85% of merger failures are related to the mismanagement of cultural issues. Lundberg (2001) goes on to say that a high percentage of these are the result of failure to integrate management teams. In order to achieve success long term Pixar and Disney could adopt a Transformational Leadership style (see appendix C). According to Crossan and Vera (2004), â€Å"this type of leadership is necessary for creating the organizational environment and culture needed for growth, and for encouraging the development of creative thinking and problem solving. This will help managers of both companies to stay focused on the company’s tasks and goals and help to set up plans of action. Leadership will help them to stay focussed on the individual needs of employees, creating a shared vision and aiding the change process. Through transformational leadership Pixar will effectively break down resistance to change (Prussakov, 2010). 4. Conclusion Human Resource Management plays a big part in developing an organizations culture. Pixar’s HRM culture has helped them to foster an environment in which creativity and innovation prospers. Their creative leadership combined with the rare talent of employees and trusting relationships have become a cultural benchmark for other companies in the animation industry. However, studies have shown that what works for one company may not work for another. Companies need to find out what culture works best for them and which produces the greatest output for them in order to achieve success. References Baker, R. J. (2008) Mind over Matter: Why Intellectual Capital is the Chief Source of Wealth. New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons. Barret, R. 1997) ‘Liberating the corporate soul’, HR Focus, 74(4), pp. 15-16. Bernard, C. (1938) The Functions of the Executive. Oxford University Press. Carlson, W. E. (2003) Pixar Animation Studios. Available at: http://design. osu. edu/carlson/history/tree/pixar. html (